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Created by
Lorelai Smith
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Cards (137)
What is the basic unit of life?
Cell
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What can be seen with a normal light microscope?
Cells
and possibly the
nucleus
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What does an electron microscope allow us to see?
Finer details of
organelles
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What is the resolving power of electron microscopes compared to light microscopes?
Higher
resolving power
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How can you calculate the actual size of a cell?
Image size
divided by
magnification
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What do eukaryotic cells contain?
A
nucleus
with
DNA
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What do prokaryotic cells lack?
A
nucleus
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What do both eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells contain?
Similar
organelles
or
subcellular structures
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What is the function of the cell membrane?
Keeps everything
inside
the cell
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What does semi-permeable mean in relation to the cell membrane?
Allows certain
substances
to pass
through
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What do plant cells and most bacteria have that provides rigidity?
Cell wall made of
cellulose
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What is cytoplasm?
The liquid where
chemical reactions
occur
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Where does respiration take place in a cell?
Mitochondria
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What is the role of ribosomes?
Assemble
or synthesize
proteins
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What do plant cells contain for photosynthesis?
Chloroplasts
with
chlorophyll
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What is stored in the permanent vacuole of plant cells?
Sap
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How do bacteria multiply?
By
binary fission
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If you start with one bacterium, how many would you have after one hour?
64
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What is the formula for calculating the number of bacteria after a certain time?
2 to the
power
of n
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What is the initial goal of the Human Genome Project?
Map out every
gene's
function
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What is a gene?
A section of
DNA
coding for a
protein
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What is the term for the genetic code stored in DNA?
Genotype
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What does phenotype refer to?
How
genotype
is expressed in
characteristics
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What are nucleotides made from?
A
sugar
and
phosphate group
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What do A and T always match with in DNA?
Each other
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What is the role of mRNA?
Copy
DNA
sequence to
ribosomes
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What happens to proteins after they are synthesized?
They need to be
folded
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What can harmful mutations result in?
Non-functional proteins
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What is epigenetics?
Influences
gene expression
without coding
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What are enzymes?
Biological
catalysts
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What does amylase do?
Breaks down
starch
into
glucose
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What is the lock and key principle in enzymes?
Specific
substrates
fit
active sites
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What happens to enzymes at high temperatures?
They
denature
and lose function
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What is the optimum temperature for enzyme activity?
The best temperature for
maximum rate
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What is the practical method for testing enzyme activity?
Mix
amylase
with
starch
and time reactions
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What is produced during aerobic respiration?
ATP
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What is the balanced equation for aerobic respiration?
Glucose
+
Oxygen
→
Carbon Dioxide
+
Water
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What happens during anaerobic respiration in muscles?
Glucose
is converted to
lactic acid
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What is oxygen debt?
Need for oxygen after
anaerobic
exercise
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What do plant and yeast cells produce during anaerobic respiration?
Ethanol
and
carbon dioxide
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