Paper 1

Cards (137)

  • What is the basic unit of life?
    Cell
  • What can be seen with a normal light microscope?
    Cells and possibly the nucleus
  • What does an electron microscope allow us to see?
    Finer details of organelles
  • What is the resolving power of electron microscopes compared to light microscopes?
    Higher resolving power
  • How can you calculate the actual size of a cell?
    Image size divided by magnification
  • What do eukaryotic cells contain?
    A nucleus with DNA
  • What do prokaryotic cells lack?
    A nucleus
  • What do both eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells contain?
    Similar organelles or subcellular structures
  • What is the function of the cell membrane?
    Keeps everything inside the cell
  • What does semi-permeable mean in relation to the cell membrane?
    Allows certain substances to pass through
  • What do plant cells and most bacteria have that provides rigidity?
    Cell wall made of cellulose
  • What is cytoplasm?
    The liquid where chemical reactions occur
  • Where does respiration take place in a cell?
    Mitochondria
  • What is the role of ribosomes?
    Assemble or synthesize proteins
  • What do plant cells contain for photosynthesis?
    Chloroplasts with chlorophyll
  • What is stored in the permanent vacuole of plant cells?
    Sap
  • How do bacteria multiply?
    By binary fission
  • If you start with one bacterium, how many would you have after one hour?
    64
  • What is the formula for calculating the number of bacteria after a certain time?
    2 to the power of n
  • What is the initial goal of the Human Genome Project?
    Map out every gene's function
  • What is a gene?
    A section of DNA coding for a protein
  • What is the term for the genetic code stored in DNA?
    Genotype
  • What does phenotype refer to?
    How genotype is expressed in characteristics
  • What are nucleotides made from?
    A sugar and phosphate group
  • What do A and T always match with in DNA?
    Each other
  • What is the role of mRNA?
    Copy DNA sequence to ribosomes
  • What happens to proteins after they are synthesized?
    They need to be folded
  • What can harmful mutations result in?
    Non-functional proteins
  • What is epigenetics?
    Influences gene expression without coding
  • What are enzymes?
    Biological catalysts
  • What does amylase do?
    Breaks down starch into glucose
  • What is the lock and key principle in enzymes?
    Specific substrates fit active sites
  • What happens to enzymes at high temperatures?
    They denature and lose function
  • What is the optimum temperature for enzyme activity?
    The best temperature for maximum rate
  • What is the practical method for testing enzyme activity?
    Mix amylase with starch and time reactions
  • What is produced during aerobic respiration?
    ATP
  • What is the balanced equation for aerobic respiration?
    Glucose + OxygenCarbon Dioxide + Water
  • What happens during anaerobic respiration in muscles?
    Glucose is converted to lactic acid
  • What is oxygen debt?
    Need for oxygen after anaerobic exercise
  • What do plant and yeast cells produce during anaerobic respiration?
    Ethanol and carbon dioxide