ℎ𝑖𝑠𝑡𝑜𝑟𝑦- 𝑅𝑜𝑠𝑎 𝑃𝑎𝑟𝑘𝑠 ꨄ

• Racial segregation


  The separation of the races in everyday life (according to law or social norms)
• Jim Crow Laws


  The segregation laws that were in operation in the Deep South
• Black people were free but not equal


  • KKK attacks, not justice in law; separate water fountains, theatres, libraries, restaurants, neighbourhoods; separate but poorly funded schools: poorest homes, lowest paid jobs; no voting: segregated armed forces and transport; no black white marriage
• Civil rights


  • Vote in elections; protection from law; freedom of speech; equal education and health care; equal access to amenities; participate in government
• Rosa Parks was born in Alabama
• Events that may have influenced Rosa's stand against discrimination


  • Death of Emmett Til; grew up in segregated South; worked in a integrated Air Force base; was supported and worked for the white liberal couple, the Durrs; education in civil rights campaigning; early activism
• Rosa Parks was sitting in the black section of the bus before she was asked to move
• Bus drivers' authority according to Montgomery City code


  Have the power of a police officer to force passengers to sit in the seat assigned to their race
• Rosa Parks refused to move from her seat when the driver decided to move the 'coloured section' sign
• Rosa Parks was arrested


  1 Dec 1955
• Rosa Parks was charged with


  Refusing to obey orders of the bus driver (Chap 6, Sec 11. Of city code)
• Montgomery bus boycott


  Organised by the black community in Montgomery to support Rosa after she was arrested
• Leader of the Montgomery Bus Boycott


  Dr. Martin Luther King Jr.
• The boycott lasted 381 days
• How black people would get to work during the boycott

  • Walk; carpool; cycle; taxi
• Philosophy and tactic promoted by the boycott leader


  Non-violence; peaceful protest
• Protesters triumphed due to MLK's personal appeal and speaking skills, economic impact, skills and determination of MIA and NAACP, MLK's insistence on non-violence, media appeal, unity of protesters
• Law passed to end segregation on the buses in Alabama


  December 26th 1956
• Rosa Parks' contributions to the civil rights movement in later life


  • Rosa and Raymond Parks institute of Self-development offered job training for black youth; inspired further protests to defeat segregation in restaurants and libraries; known as the mother of CRM (role model)