P.E prelims

• Dance


  A profound solitary artistic and creative endeavor that requires introspection, philosophical analysis and complex conceptualization
• Classifications of Dance


  • Interpretative Dance
  • Creative Dance
• Interpretative Dance


  • Dances that are meant to be interpreted for performances and staging
  • Dance literatures and signature basic steps are already inherent to these dances which serve as identifying steps to the dance
  • Examples include folk dance, ballroom dance, and ballet
• Creative Dance


  • Dances that are created out of two approaches, the elemental approach and creative approach
  • These dances are highly improvisational in nature
  • Examples include modern-contemporary dance, jazz, pop and hip-hop (b-boying)
• Elements of Dance


  • Space
  • Floor Pattern
  • Direction
  • Focus
  • Dimension
  • Balance
  • Levels
  • Mass and Volume
  • Contours and Shapes
• Floor Pattern


  • Patterns created by the body as it moves through space
  • Examples include lines, letters, shapes or polygons, and other non-geometric patterns
• Direction


  • The course or way in which movement is directed with reference to the frontal plane of the body
  • Examples include forward, backward, sideward, diagonally sideward and upward
• Focus


  • Point of attention by either the performer or the audience
  • Personal focus is the point of attention by the performer while performing
  • General focus is the point of attention that the performer draws the audience to
• Dimension


  • How performers appear with reference to the audience's view
  • The nearer the performer, the bigger he would appear; the farther the performer, the smaller he would appear
• Balance


  • It may be static or dynamic in nature
  • Static balance is balance at rest, while dynamic balance is balance in motion
• Levels


  • They are classified as low, middle and high with the lowest level the basis of middle and high levels
• Mass and Volume


  • Dictated by the number of bodies performing through space
  • There are dances or parts of the dance performance that require more dancers while some require less or few
• Contours and Shapes


  • Shapes and forms created by the body or bodies as they move through space
• Dance


  Both a space and time art because it makes use of space and spends time as movements are executed
• Once time passes and movements are executed, it may or may not be the same when done again
• Live performances of dances are preferred to maximize its artistic and aesthetic values
• Time in dance


  Dictates and determines its speed or length, its mood, and the energy required in its performance
• Time in dance is represented by


  Music, specifically rhythm, tempo, dynamics and melody
• Rhythm


  Guides the movement count
• Tempo

  Dictates the speed of movement
• Dynamics and melody


  Speak of the mood of movement
• Energy in dance


  Makes the difference in terms of the intensity of movement
• Types of energy in dance


  • Pendular: swinging, swaying
  • Percussive: series of rapid and quickly executed small percussive movements
  • Vibratory: movement with no preparation, beginning, and unnoticeable end
  • Sustained: strong, big, abrupt, and striking movements
• Application of energy in dance


  • Locomotor Movement: allows one to move from one point to another
  • Non-Locomotor Movement: movements performed in one point in space without transferring to another point
• Locomotor Movement

  Walk: series of steps executed by both feet alternately in any direction

  Run: series of walks executed quickly in any direction wherein only one foot stays on the ground while the other is off the ground

  Jump: both feet lose contact with the ground in various ways
• Non-Locomotor Movements

  • Flexion: decreasing the angle of a joint

  Extension: increasing the angle of a joint

  Contraction: muscle movement when it shortens, narrows and tightens

  Release: muscle movement when it lets go or lets loose from being held

  Collapse: deliberately drop the exertion of energy in a body segment

  Recover: regain the energy exerted in a body segment

  Rotation: move a body segment to form a circle

  Twist: move a body segment from an axis halfway front or back or quarter to the right or left

  Pivot: change the position of the feet or any body part that carries the body's weight allowing the body to face in a less than 360 degrees turn

  Turn: move in a turning movement with a base of support, usually a pointed foot, the other raised, while equilibrium is maintained until the completion of the turn
• Improvisation


  The art of creating movements that the body is not familiar with, exploring potential movements which can later be refined and transformed into dance movements
• Technique


  The exceptional way of performing or executing a certain improvised movement so that the body will adapt to it and later as it adapts, will be executed automatically and effortlessly
• Lengthening Techniques


  • Mirroring: imitating the movements done by a dancer in face to face formation

  Succession: repeat same sequence of movement or movement combinations after every count, two, three or even four

  Counterpoint: use different levels of movement or energy application in the execution of movement

  Retrograde: repeat a movement sequence from the end to the beginning

  Theme and variation: each movement combination has a common movement that is seen in a succession of movement combinations

  Unison: all movement combinations are done simultaneously by all dancers

  Canon: groups performing the same sequence of movements will all arrive at a common movement and end at the same time