respiration 5.1.1 - 5.1.6

• ATP

  Adenosine triphosphate, a molecule with three phosphate groups combined with the nucleotide base adenine and a ribose sugar
• ATP

  • It is the immediate source of energy in a cell
  • It drives metabolism
  • Glucose cannot release energy directly, it must be used to make ATP
• Synthesis of ATP

  ADP + P₁ + H₂O → ATP + P
• ADP

  Adenosine diphosphate, a molecule with two phosphate groups
• Inorganic phosphate (P₁)

  A phosphate group not attached to a molecule
• ATP provides energy for active transport and many other cellular processes
• ATP is synthesised in the mitochondria
• The electron transport chain is the final stage of respiration where oxygen is the final electron acceptor, forming water
• Oxidative phosphorylation is the coupling of electron transport and ATP production in the presence of oxygen
• Energy becomes available as redox reactions take place along the electron transport chain, allowing ATP to be produced