BIOL113 Module 2

• Antony van Leeuwenhoek constructed simple microscopes, observed bacteria and protists, and reported his findings to the Royal Society of London.
• Darwinian evolution requires what 3 features ?

  variation, heredity and multiplication
• a bacterium that has a bacterial cell wall enclosed by an outer membrane and lipopolysaccharide, will probably be what type of bacteria? 

  Gram negative
• The Urey Miller experiment was designed to determine if abiotic molecules like methane, hydrogen and ammonia could be combined in an experimental apparatus to create...

  organic monomers
• Using the key in your book, identify with as much precision as you are able, the following organism: 

  Gram stain is positive. 

  The cells under the microscope look like cocci. 

  The cells appear to be in clusters of four (tetrads). 

  The catalse test is positive. 

  Group IV Micrococcus or Staphylococcus. 
• Lactobacillus

  some of these are used to make yogurt
• Lactococcus 

  some of these are used to make cheeses.
• Horizontal gene transfer is a phenomenon that affects the evolution of bacteria. What processes contribute to HGT?

  Conjugation

  Transformation

  Transduction
• what does the catalyse enzyme do?

  Catalase decomposes H2O2 into water and oxygen
• The prokaryotic genome is contained in the...

  cytoplasm
• What kingdoms are prokaryotes ?

  Bacteria and Archaea
• Mitochondria are often referred to as the "power house of the cell". What kind of prokaryotic metabolism do mitochondria do in the cytoplasm of eukaryotic cells? 

  Mitochondria generate ATP by performing aerobic respiration in eukaryotic cells. 
• Which characteristics below is shared by plants, fungi (excluding yeasts), and animals?

  All are multicellular eukaryotes
• There are core functions filled by various organisms
• An organic molecule is a complex molecule that is primarily made of carbon atoms bonded with other elements and/or other carbons atoms.