quizizz

• Antipsychotic drugs


  Main purpose is to treat psychosis
• Neurotransmitters affected in schizophrenia


  • Dopamine
  • Glutamate
  • GABA
  • Acetylcholine
• 1st generation vs 2nd generation antipsychotics

  1st generation are more potent D2 receptor antagonists
• Dopamine hypothesis in schizophrenia


  It proposes that dopamine receptor dysfunction is involved in schizophrenia
• Mesolimbic tract


  • Plays a role in addiction and schizophrenia
• Second Generation Antipsychotics


  Have a lower incidence of extrapyramidal symptoms, tardive dyskinesia, and hyperprolactinemia
• Clozapine


  Indicated for the treatment of major depressive disorder that has not responded to antidepressant monotherapy
• Antipsychotics cause weight gain and metabolic side effects


  Through antagonism of 5-HTC and histamine H1 receptors
• Clozapine


  Associated with an increased risk of seizures and agranulocytosis
• 1st generation antipsychotics


  Most common side effect is Tardive Dyskinesia
• Levodopa


  Mainstay of current Parkinson's Disease treatment
• Monoamine oxidase B


  Enzyme involved in the breakdown of dopamine and is inhibited by MAO inhibitors
• Anticholinergic drugs in Parkinson's disease


  Reduce acetylcholine activity
• Regenerative treatments for Parkinson's disease

  Restore dopaminergic activity
• Amantadine


  Used to limit the severity of levodopa-induced dyskinesias
• PRX002


  Humanized monoclonal antibody targeting alpha-synuclein that has been tested in Phase 1a and Phase 1b clinical trials
• AFFITOPE PD03A


  Synthetic vaccine for Parkinson's disease, completed Phase 1 clinical trial by Affiris
• Clenbuterol


  Drug suggested to reduce alpha-synuclein expression at a transcriptional level
• 1. abl inhibitors in Parkinson's disease


  Poor transit across the BBB is a potential limitation
• Exenatide


  Drug that has shown neuroprotective potential in preclinical models and taken forward to a Phase 2 clinical trial
• AEDs


  Most commonly used treatment for epilepsy
• Phenytoin


  Works by changing the levels of chemicals in the brain to help control seizures
• Benzodiazepines like clonazepam


  Increase the effectiveness of the main inhibitory neurotransmitter GABA in the brain
• Lamotrigine


  Known for its potential side effect of rash, especially if the dose is increased too quickly
• Valproic acid


  Standard broad-spectrum anti-epileptic drug that is most effective for generalized seizure types
• GABA


  Predominant inhibitory neurotransmitter in the mammalian central nervous system
• Perampanel


  Non-competitive AMPA receptor antagonist antiepileptic drug
• Vigabatrin


  Primary mechanism of action is inhibition of GABA transaminase
• Levetiracetam


  Specifically known for its action on synaptic vesicle protein 2A
• Sodium valproate


  Primary mechanism of action is blockade of sodium channels
• Fentanyl


  Classified as a strong opioid agonist
• Opioid analgesics in the central nervous system


  Inhibit the neurotransmission of pain
• Opioid analgesics


  Have preferential selectivity for u (mu) opioid receptors
• Morphine


  Primary effect on the cardiovascular system is vasodilation and hypotension
• Loperamide


  Opioid drug commonly used for the treatment of diarrhea
• Opioids


  Primary effect on the genitourinary system is increased bladder sphincter tone
• Naloxone


  Opioid antagonist used to counteract the adverse effects of opioids taken in overdose
• Opioid receptors in the spinal cord

  Primary mechanism of action is inhibition of neurotransmitter release
• Neuropathic pain


  Usually caused by nerve damage
• Opioids


  Primary effect on the gastrointestinal system is inhibition of peristalsis