DISASTER READINESS AND RISK REDUCTION

• Hydrometeorological


  Process or phenomena of atmospheric, hydrological, and Oceanographic nature
• Cyclone


  A system of winds that are rotating inwards to an area of low barometric pressure, such that in the Northern Hemisphere it is anticlockwise and in the Southern Hemisphere it is clockwise circulation

  
• Classification of cyclone


  • Tropical Depression
  • Tropical Storm
  • Severe Tropical Storm
  • Typhoon
  • Super Typhoon

  
• Tropical Depression


  A Tropical Cyclone with maximum sustained winds of up to 61 kph

  
• Tropical Depression


  • Tropical Depression Winnie
• Tropical Storm


  A Tropical Cyclone with maximum wind speed of 62-88 kph

  
• Tropical Storm


  • Tropical Storm Agaton

  
• Severe Tropical Storm


  A Tropical Cyclone with maximum wind speed of 89-117 kph

  
• Severe Tropical Storm


  • Severe Tropical Storm Paeng
• Typhoon


  A Tropical Cyclone with maximum wind speed of 118-220 kph

  
• Typhoon


  • Typhoon Falcon
• Super Typhoon


  A Tropical Cyclone with maximum wind speed exceeding 220 kph

  
• Super Typhoon


  • Super Typhoon Yolanda

  
• Typhoon


  A large, powerful and violent tropical cyclone. It is a low pressure area rotating counter-clockwise and containing rising warm air that forms over warm water in the Western Pacific Ocean. Less powerful tropical cyclones are called Tropical Depression and Tropical Storms.

  
• Thunderstorm


  A storm with thunder and lightning that often also has heavy rain or hail

  
• Tornado


  A column of violently turning air that touches the ground. They are typically attached to a thunderstorm.

  
• Flashflood


  A flood caused by heavy or excessive rainfall in a short period of time, generally less than 6 hours. Flash floods are usually characterized by raging torrents after heavy rains that rip through river beds, urban streets, or mountain canyons sweeping everything before them.

  
• Flashflood


  • Can roll boulders, tear out trees, destroy buildings and bridges, and scour out new channels
  • Rapidly rising water can reach heights of 30 feet or more
• Flood


  The inundation of land areas which are not normally covered by water. It is usually caused by a temporary rise or the over- flowing of a river, stream or other water course
• Storm Surge


  Rise of seawater above normal sea level over the coast. It is usually made by weather elements such cyclonic wind and atmospheric pressure

  
• ENSO cycle


  A scientific term that describes the fluctuations in temperature between the ocean and atmosphere in the East-central Equatorial Pacific

  
• El Niño


  A warm phase of ENSO cycle
• La Niña


  A cold phase of ENSO cycle
• Sign of Impending Typhoon


  1. 96 hours before landfall

  2. 72 hours before landfall

  3. 48 hours before landfall

  4. 36 hours before landfall

  5. 30 hours before landfall

  6. 24 hours before landfall

  7. 18 hours before landfall

  8. 12 hours before landfall

  9. 6 hours before landfall

  
• Satellite


  The most advance technology used in monitoring a cyclone or typhoon. It can visualize exactly in real time the formation and the path of a cyclone.

  
• Doppler Radar


  Acronym for Radio Detection and Ranging. It emits Radio Waves and measures the time it takes for the echo of the radio wave from the source to the object. It measures the direction and speed of moving objects like rain or precipitation.

  
• How does a Doppler Radar Work?

  1. Doppler RADAR emits Soundwaves or Radiowaves

  2. It can Identify the direction of the precipitation by the frequency of the echos of radio and soundwaves that returns

  
• Hydrometeorological Hazard Map


  A map indicating the areas that are vulnerable to hazards caused by tropical cyclones, floods, and ipo-ipo. In studying a hazard map, you have to note the title, source, legend, and symbols.

  
• Flood


  An overflow of water that submerges land that is usually dry. In the sense of "flowing water", the word may also be applied to the inflow of the tide.
• Global Distribution of Drought Risk Areas
• Nationwide Operational Assessment of Hazards
• Project NOAH - A project for scientific forecasting, monitoring, assessment and information services regarding natural hazards
• A more accurate, integrated, and responsive disaster prevention and mitigation system, especially in high-risk areas throughout the Philippines
• PROJECT NOAH
• Thermometer


  A thermometer measures the extent of a given substance's hotness or coldness. Mercury is one of the liquids which is overly sensitive to temperature changes. The mercury expands and rises in the capillary tube when the substance to be measured is warm. Instead, mercury contracts. That is, principle of thermal expansion.
• Thermograph


  This tool records air temperature continuously on graphing paper during a period in a given area. It uses digital infrared imaging to record slight changes in temperature.
• Barometer


  Barometers can tell if a good or bad weather is on the way. Low pressure reading is indicative of a foul weather while high pressure reading is a sign that the weather will be fair.
• Mercurial Barometer


  Device used to measure atmospheric pressure with a column of mercury. The atmospheric pressure balances the mercury column, the height of which can be measured precisely. Corrections and adjustments are made for temperature expansion of the instrument, gravity and latitude in order to obtain accurate measurements. Millibars, millimeters or inches of mercury are the units of measurements of pressure readings.
• Aneroid Barometer


  A nonliquid barometer called the aneroid barometer is widely used in portable instruments and in aircraft altimeters because of its smaller size and convenience. A sealed box (blue, sometimes called an aneroid cell) is built around an aneroid barometer, which expands or contracts with increasing pressure. As it moves, it pulls or pushes a spring and a system of levers, moving a pointer up or down the dial yellow.
• Barograph


  The barograph is a device that assists in providing a continuous readout of atmospheric pressure measurements. A barograph is a recording barometer. A barograph is a barometer that records the barometric pressure over time in the form of a graph. The pen point which traces the pressure curve on the paper is made to move up or down by a series of levers attached in tandem to aneroid cells (metallic boxes).