Adolescence - Developmental transition between childhood and adulthood entailing major physical, cognitive, and psychosocial changes.
Puberty - Process by which a person attains sexual maturity and the ability to reproduce.
Spermarche - Boy's first ejaculation. • Occurs at an average age of 13
• Menarche - Girl's first menstruation
• Primary sex characteristics - Organs directly related to reproduction, which enlarge and mature during adolescence
• Secondary sex characteristics - Physiological signs of sexual maturation that do not involve the sex organs
• Adolescent growth spurt - Sharp increase in height and weight that precedes sexual maturity
Older adolescents are more likely to use the frontal lobe, which permits more accurate, reasoned judgment
Formal operations - Piaget's final stage of cognitive development, characterized by the ability to think abstractly
• Hypothetical-deductive reasoning - ability to develop, consider, and test hypotheses
Piaget's pendelum apparatus - a task to assess whether children can reason scientifically
imaginary audience - adolescents often assume everyone else is thinking about the same thing they are thinking about
personal fable - belief by adolescents that they are special, their experience is unique, and they are not subject to the rules that govern the rest of the world; the belief that the events of one's life are controlled by a mentally constructed autobiography
Level 1; Pre conventional morality
stage 1 Orientation toward punishment and obedience - obey rules to avoid punishment
Stage 2; Instrumental purpose and exchange - children conforms to rules out of self interest and consideration for what others can do for them
Level II; Conventional Morality 10-13 or beyond
Stage 3; Maintaining mutual relations, approval of others, the golden rule ; children want to please and help others
stage 4; social concern and conscience, what if everybody did it?
level III ; postconventional morality
stage 5; morality of contract of individual rights and of democratically accepted law, welfare of the society
stage 6; morality of universal ethical principles people do what they as individuals thinnk is right'
• Identity versus Identity Confusion - an adolescent seeks to develop a coherent sense of self, including the role she or he is to play in society. Also called identity versus role confusion.
• Fidelity: sustained loyalty, faith, or a sense of belonging to a loved one, friends, or companions; identification with a set of values, an ideology, a religion, a political movement, or an ethnic group
• Crisis - a period of conscious decision making
Identity status - crisis and commitment by james e marcia
Commitment - involves a personal investment in an occupation or ideology
Identity achievement (crisis leading to commitment) - characterized by commitment to choices made following a crisis, a period spent in exploring alternatives
Foreclosure (commitment without crisis) - a person who has not spent time considering alternatives is committed to other people's plans for his or her life
Moratorium (crisis with no commitment yet) - a person is currently considering alternatives (in crisis) and seems headed for commitment
Identity Diffusion (no crisis, no commitment) - characterized by absence of commitment and lack of serious consideration of alternatives.
• Transgender is a term that refers to individuals whose biological sex at birth and gender identity are not the same
Cisgender - a person whose gender identity corresponds to their sex assigned at birth
• Genderqueer to refer to a wide range of variable identities that may be neither fully male nor fully female
Heterosexual - attracted to persons of the other sex
• Homosexual - attracted to persons of the same sex
Bisexual - attracted persons of both sexes
Sexually Transmitted Infections (STIs) - Infections and diseases spread by sexual contact.