ali (ra)

• Election of Ali as Caliph

  • rebels controlled the city
  • muslims were scared and hid inside their houses
  • 3 days in Madinah no government
  • rebels approached Ali, he said he’d rather be advisor
  • threatened him
  • Ali consulted Muslims, he was the trusted figure for all
  • 21st Dhul Hijjah- Loyalty oath
  • rebels did it to look good and hide from punishment
• ALI’S immediate jobs

  • establish peace in tumultuous situation
  • take action against assassin
  • deal with companions demanding arrest of assassins
• change of governors

  • he blamed governors for ignoring the rebel activities
  • Suhail bin Hanf - Muawiyah
  • Muawiyah demanded Uthman assassins revenge before he stepped down
• Battle of Camel

  • 656 AD
  • assassination of Uthman story
  • Talha, Zubayr, Aisha hajj
  • she gave speech, 3000 army
  • marched to Basra where assassins were and killed them
  • Basra fell into her hands
  • Ali army of 9000
  • they both felt bad so agreed to negotiate
  • rebels fake attacked at night
  • fierce war began
  • legs of Aisha camel cut off - war finished
  • 10,000 lives lost
  • Zubayr and Talha martyred
  • Muhammad ibn Abu bakr, Ali’s side
  • accompanied aisha back
• Battle of Siffain

  • 657 AD
  • battle of camel backstory
  • Muawiyah dismissal from Syria
  • Uthman justice
  • lots of failed negotiations
  • individual & single combats - failed and indecisive
  • Ali’s army : 90,000
  • Muawiyahs army : 80,000
  • 8th Safar
  • took place on Syrian border
  • Muawiyah‘s about to lose
  • tied open of Quran to heads of lances
  • ”let the word of Allah decide between us and you. who will defend the border towns of Syria if we are slain and who will protect the people of Iraq?”
  • Ali said it’s a plot so carry on fighting but soldiers refused
  • arbitration agreed in 6 months
• Kharijites

  • 12,000 men left Ali’s army after battle of Siffain
  • Surah Hujarat ayah 9 - Muawiyah was a rebel
  • they didn’t want arbitration
  • aka the Seperatists
  • Ali treated them with compassion and said go home
  • “no judgment but Allah’s”
  • they revolted later
• Arbitration

  • 658 AH
  • details of arbitration drawn up 2 days after battle
  • at Damut al Jandal
  • Abu Musa Ashari - Ali
  • Amr ibn al Aas - Muawiyah
  • Amr secretly promised gov of Egypt
  • both agree that Muawiyah and Ali should quit
  • Amr offered new caliph names but Abu Musa said no
  • Abu Musa made announcement first
  • Amr ibn Aas switched up and said Muawiyah is the new caliph and only Ali should resign
  • Ali annoyed
• Revolt of Kharijites

  • arbitration failed and hungered them
  • they commanded Ali to repent or fight
  • they revolted against Ali and Muawiyah
  • they captured the town of Nahrawan and lived there
  • Ali wanted to fight Muawiyah
  • he asked if they wanted to join
  • they refused but he didnt really care
  • 4000 ended up joining him anyways
  • set on path to Syria to fight Muawiyah
  • heard that the remaining Kharijites killed
  • Abdullah bin Khubab & his wife
  • so he diverted to the Kharijites in Nahrawan
• Battle of Nahrawan

  • 658 AD
  • Ali offered surrender, they refused
  • half Kharijites fought against Muslims
  • during may/july
  • fought at Nahrawan
  • “Paradise, Paradise“ on their lips as they died
  • Khawarij got battered
  • Ali said let’s go to Kufa and fight Muawiyah
  • Army lost spirit and made excuses
  • soldiers slowly left camp so Ali had to abandon war against Muawiyah
• Loss of Egypt

  • conquered during Umars caliphate by Amr ibn al Aas
  • Ali appointed Muhammad ibn Abu Bakr as new governor
  • ibn Abu Bakr told people of Egypt to accept allegiance to Ali or leave
  • they didn’t but they didn’t revolt either
  • After siffin, they fought against him
  • Muawiyah also attacked Egypt
  • Amr ibn al Aas commanded 4000/6000
  • Muhammad ibn Abu Bakr tried to resist but he was martyred July 658 AD
  • Amr ibn al Aas became new governor
• Martyrdom of Ali

  • some Kharijites made plan
  • Abdurahman ibn Muljim - Ali
  • Bakr bin Abdullay - Muawiyah
  • Amr bin Bakr - Amr ibn al Aas
  • Masjid Kufa
  • hid behind door in early morning
  • stabbed multiple wounds with poisonous sword
  • ibn Muljim caught and killed
  • other 2 khawarij failed
  • died of wounds
  • 27th January 661 AD
  • 60 years old

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