Genetics

• Variation within a specie are not identical
• Continuous variation shows an unbroken range of traits or characteristics in the population
• In continuous variation many genes are involved in the determination of a particular trait
• Discontinuous variation shows two or more distant traits for a pirticular charachteristic
• In discontinuous variation one or few genes are responsible
• Example of continuous variation is height, weight, e.t.c
• Example of discontinuous variation are blood groups
• Same features mean inherited characteristics
• Gregor Mendal is the father of Genetics
• Gregor Mendal was an Austrian Monk who studied maths and history
• Gregor Mendal wanted to control how flowers pollinated so he cut off the anther of a flower
• Gregor Mendal got pollen from another plant and brushed it on the stigma of another plant
• Gregor Mndal math helped him in discovering pattern in the inheritance of trait
• All cells have a cell membrane, cytoplasm, and a nucleus
• Just before a cell divides long strands of material appear they are known as chromosomes
• Chromosomes are arranged in pairs
• Humans have 46 chromosomes arranged in 23 pairs in every nucleus
• Genes provide all the information for how the cell will grow, develop, or behave
• Each pair of chromosomes have pairs of chromosomes
• During formation parts of chromosomes swap positions this leads to mixing of genes and an exact copy is not passed on
• Larger Chromosmes are called X
• Smaller Chromosomes are called Y
• Female have two X chromosomes
• DNA full foam is Deoxyribonucleic Acid
• DNA is chopped by enzymes and its peices are seperated into a gel in a process called chromomatography
• The theory of Natural Selectin was discovered by Charles Darwin It explains how one specie can develop into another over along period of time
• Aristotle thought living things could be placed on a ladder with the simplest on the bottom the most complex on the top
• Comte-De-Buffon thought plants and animals developed at one place and then spread out and made changes to their bodies for envoirnment
• Jean Baptiste believed in Comte's work
• Jean Baptiste thought species didn't go extinct instead they developed a feature which passed on the next generation
• Darwin started his journey from England then traveled to South America then Galapogas Island then South America
• Darwin observed mockingbirds
• Darwin found that mockingbird from each place was different from each other he thought the once who migrated developed a feature to survive
• Darwin was also interested in birds called Finches
• Finches were found on Galapogas Island and Chile
• Natural Selection happens when living things adapt to he envoirnment to feed on different foods