ucspol l5 and l6

• Types of social groups

  • Primary group
  • Secondary group
• Primary group


  • Members conduct themselves informally, interact spontaneously, sympathetically to one another, and enjoy each other's company
• Secondary group


  • Members conduct themselves according to role expectation and treat each other with acknowledgement to status and degree of acquaintance
• the organization

  • Formal group
  • Informal group
• Formal group


  • Intentionally formed and planned for carrying out specific purposes
• Informal group


  • Formed unplanned and spontaneously established out of random association and interaction
• Types of group membership

  • Open group
  • Closed group
• Open group


  • Group open for everyone
• Closed group


  • Exclusive to a selected number of persons either by quota or qualifications
• Types of group purpose

  • In-group
  • Out-group
  • Minority group
  • Reference group
• In group


  • Members have a sense of loyalty, camaraderie, and solidarity. Non-members are considered "outsiders", "the others", or "strangers"
• Out-group


  • Perceived to be apart from the others and are often perceived as odd and indifferent
• Minority group


  • Relatively less dominant in terms of its size, status, or degree of influence
• Reference group


  • One is not necessarily a member but they serve a comparative basis for self-evaluation
• Kinship


  A system of social organization based on real or putative family ties
• Types of kinship

  • Consanguineal kinship
  • Affinal kinship
  • Compadrazgo kinship
• Consanguineal kinship


  Kinship based on blood, considered the most basic and general form of relations
• Descent


  Biological relationship, societies recognize that children descend from parents and that there exists a biological relationship between parents and their offspring
• Types of descent

  • Patrilineal
  • Matrilineal
• Affinal kinship


  Kinship based on marriage, new forms of social relations developed when a marriage occurs
• Types of affinal kinship


  • Endogamy
  • Exogamy
  • Monogamy
  • Polygamy
  • Polygyny
  • Polyandry
  • Patrilocal
  • Matrilocal
  • Biolocal
  • Arranged marriage
  • Referred marriage
• Compadrazgo kinship


  Ritualized form of forging co-parenthood or family, relationship between the child's biological parents, their children, and persons close to the parents but not related by blood
• Types of family


  • Nuclear family
  • Extended family
  • Blended family
• Nuclear family


  • Made up of a group of people who are united by social ties, usually made up of two adults and their socially recognized children
• Extended family


  • Members go beyond the nuclear family made up of parents and their offspring
• Blended family


  • Parents have a child or children from previous marital relationships but all the members stay and congregate to form a new family unit
• Types of political organization

  • Band
  • Tribe
  • Chiefdom
• Band


  • Typically formed by several families living together based on marriage ties, common descendants, friendship affiliations, and members usually have a common interest or enemy
• Tribe


  • Acephalous political system, organized through the presence of pantribal associations or sodalities that come in form of a council or tribal elders
• Chiefdom


  • Involve a more formal and permanent political structure, political authority rests with individuals and rely on feasting and tribute
• social group can be defined as a collection of people

  who regularly interact with one another based on shared

  expectations concerning behavior and who share a sense of

  common identity.
• Endogamy


  Compulsory marriage; practiced by ethnic groups, religious groups, and aristocratic classes
• Exogamy


  Out-marriage; an individual is required to marry outside of their own group, community, or social classes
• Monogamy


  Marriage or sexual partnering custom or practice where an individual has only one male or female or mate
• Polygamy


  Practice of having more than one partner or sexual mate
• Polygyny


  A man has multiple female partners or mates
• Polyandry


  A woman has multiple male partners or mates
• Patrilocal - occurs when married couples stay in the house

  of the husband’s relatives or near the husband’s kin.
• Matrilocal - happens when the couples live with the wife’s

  relative or near the wife’s kin.
• • Biolocal - the newlywed couple stay with the husband’s

  relatives and the wife’s kin alternately.