Cardiovascular (6)

• Arteries


  • Thick muscular wall and small lumen to withstand high blood pressure
• Veins


  • Large lumen with valves to prevent backflow of blood
• Factors affecting fluid exchange across capillary wall


  • Hydrostatic pressure (capillary hydrostatic pressure, interstitial hydrostatic pressure)
  • Osmotic pressure (plasma colloidal osmotic pressure, interstitial colloidal osmotic pressure)
• Hematocrit


  Blood sample split to identify its different components
• Hemoglobin


  Consists of 2 alpha and 2 beta subunits and 4 iron ion groups (heme groups)
• Oxyhemoglobin


  Delivers O2 to tissues
• Oxygen dissociation curve shifts right


  Decreased pH, increased temperature, increased pCO2
• Oxygen dissociation curve shifts left

  Increased pH, decreased temperature, decreased pCO2