Emerging and young adulthood

• (1) accepting responsibility for oneself,

  (2) making independent decisions, and

  (3) becoming financially independent


  Adulthood
• The transition from adolescence to adulthood (occurring from

  approximately 18 to 25 years of age), which is characterized by

  experimentation and exploration.

  Emerging Adulthood
• Inability to conceive a child after 12 months of sexual intercourse without the use of birth control.

  Infertility
• • A clinical diagnosis with a specific set of symptoms, is considered to be the most serious, and generally requires medical intervention.
  • Accompanied by symptoms such as weight loss (or gain), insomnia and hypersomnia, feelings of worthlessness, fatigue, suicidality

  Major Depressive disorder
• Risky drinking - Consuming more than 14 drinks a week or

  4 drinks on any single day for men, and more than 7 drinks a

  week or 3 drinks on any single day for women.

  alcoholism
• At approximately 20 to 25 years of age, the

  brain forms new neurons, synapses, and

  connections, and the cortical regions that

  handle higher-level thinking become fully

  myelinated.

  Cognition
• continuous, active

  evaluation of information and beliefs in the

  light of evidence and implications.

  Reflective thinking
• Mature type of thinking that relies on subjective experience and intuition as well as logic and allows room for ambiguity, uncertainty, inconsistency, contradiction, imperfection, and compromise.

  Postformal thought
• Acknowledges that there may be more than one valid way of viewing an issue and that the world is made up of shades of gray.

  Relativistic Thought
• Sternberg's term for information that is not formally taught but is necessary to get ahead.

  Tacit Knowledge
• Knowing how to motivate oneself and organize time and energy.

  Self-management
• Knowing how to write a term paper or a project proposal

  management of tasks
• Knowing when and how to reward or criticize subordinates

  management of others
• Children and adolescent acquire information and skills mainly for their own sake.


  Acquisitive Stage
• Young adults no longer acquire knowledge merely for its own sake; they use what they know to pursue goals, such as career and family.

  Achieving stage
• Middle-aged people use their minds to solve practical problems associated with responsibilities to others, such as family members or employees.

  Responsible stage
• People in the executive stage are responsible for societal systems (such as governmental or business organizations) or social movements

  Executive stage
• People entire retirement reorganize their lives and intellectual energies around meaningful pursuits that take the place of paid work.

  Reorganizational stage
• Older adults may be experiencing biological and cognitive changes and tend to be more selective about what tasks they expend effort on.

  Reintegrative stage
• older people may create instructions for the disposition of prized possessions, make funeral arrangements, provide oral histories, or write life stories as a legacy for their loved ones

  legacy creating stage
• Learning about abilities and interest

  Growth
• The person searches a fit between his interests and personality and the jobs available.

  Exploratory
• Master the needed skills to move up the ladder.

  Establishment
• Protect and maintain gains made. Keep up with the developments.

  Maintenance stage
• Degree to which a person's work requires thought and independent judgement

  Substantive complexity
• hypothesis that there is a carryover of cognitive gains from work to leisure that explains the positive relationships between activities in the quality of intellectual functioning.

  Spillover hypothesis
• Theoretical models of personality development that focuses on mental, emotional, temperamental, and behavioral traits, or attributes.

  Trait models
• young adults either form a strong, long-lasting bonds with friends and romantic partners or face a possible sense of isolation and self-absorption.

  Intimacy versus isolation
• Friends who are considered and behave like family members

  Fictive kin
• Our own attitudes and behavior are supported and invalidated when someone else's attitudes and behavior are similar to our own.

  Consensual Validation
• We end up choosing someone who is close to our own level of attractiveness.

  Matching hypothesis
• The theory that sex differences in mate preferences and mating behavior are based on different amounts of time and effort men and women must invest in child rearing.

  Parental investment theory
• The idea that sex differences in mate preferences and mating behavior are adaptations to gender roles.


  Social role theory
• Sociologists term for the tendency to mate with someone who has traits similar to one's own.

  Assortative Mating