Module 6 - Traverse

• Traverse is a method in the field of surveying to establish control networks. It is also used in geodesy. Traverse networks involve placing survey stations along a line or path of travel, and then using the previously surveyed points as a base for observing the next point
• Traverse is that type of survey in which a number of connected survey lines form the framework and the directions and lengths of the survey lines are measured with the help of an angle measuring instrument and tape or chain respectively.
• Open traverse: When the lines form a circuit ends elsewhere except starting point, it is said to be an open traverse.
• Closed traverse: When the lines form a circuit which ends at the starting point, it is known as a closed traverse. A closed traverse is a series of connected lines whose lengths and bearings are measured off these lines (or sides), which enclose an area.
• Loop Traverse. A traverse which starts at a given point, proceeds to its destination, and returns to the starting point without crossing itself in the process is referred to as a loop traverse
• ·The closed and loop traverse is suitable for locating the boundaries of parcel of land, lakes, for a survey of large areas.
• The open traverse is suitable for surveying a long narrow strip of land as required for a road,  canal, or the coastline.
• Interior Angle Traverse. It is used principally in land surveying. To run an interior angle traverse, the instrument is set up at each station.
• Deflection Angle Traverse. It is used frequently for the location survey of roads, railroads, transmission lines, canals and other similar types of survey. It is employed to a lesser extent in land surveys and in establishing controls for hydrographic and topographic surveys.
• Angle to the right Traverse. It is employed when numerous details are tp be located from the traverse stations. Such type of a traverse is commonly used on city, tunnel, and mine surveys, and in locating details for a topographic.
• Azimuth Traverse - The measurement of azimuth angles is one of the fastest and most satisfactory method where at one set up of the instrument several angles or directions can be determined.
• Departure: The point at which the wave is no longer travelling towards the observer.
• Latitude: The position of a place on the Earth's surface, measured in degrees north or south of the equator.