Food Production

• Glasshouses and polythene tunnels


  Used to increase the yield of certain crops
• Effects on crop yield of increased carbon dioxide and increased temperature in glasshouses

  • Increase crop yield
• Use of fertiliser


  Can increase crop yield
• Reasons for pest control

  • Advantages and disadvantages of using pesticides
  • Advantages and disadvantages of using biological control
• Role of yeast


  In the production of food including bread
• Investigate the role of anaerobic respiration by yeast


  In different conditions
• Role of bacteria (Lactobacillus)


  In the production of yoghurt
• Use of an industrial fermenter

  Provide suitable conditions including aseptic precautions, nutrients, optimum temperature and pH, oxygenation and agitation, for the growth of microorganisms
• Methods used to farm large numbers of fish

  • Maintaining water quality, controlling intraspecific and interspecific predation, controlling disease, removing waste products, controlling the quality and frequency of feeding, and selective breeding
• In the last 100 years the human population has exploded
• Exponential growth


  The rapid increase in human population
• Effects of human population explosion

  • Shortage of food in some countries
  • More land is being used for building and farming
  • More pollution is being produced
  • The world's resources are running out
• It's not sustainable
• Crops are clearly key to feeding an ever increasing population
• Glasshouses and polythene tunnels

  • Can be used to increase the yield of certain crops
• Yield


  The amount of crop produced from a given area of land
• Increased carbon dioxide and increased temperature in glasshouses


  Effects on crop yield
• Key areas to maximise crop yield

  • Creating ideal conditions for photosynthesis
  • Using fertilisers
  • Controlling pests
• Fertiliser


  Can increase crop yield
• Polytunnel and greenhouse


  Used to control conditions to maximise photosynthesis
• Reasons for pest control with crop plants

  • Advantages of using pesticides
  • Disadvantages of using pesticides
  • Advantages of using biological control
  • Disadvantages of using biological control
• Factors controlled in polytunnels and greenhouses

  • Light
  • Temperature
  • Carbon dioxide
  • Water supply
• Yeast


  Role in the production of food including bread
• Practical: investigate the role of anaerobic respiration by yeast


  In different conditions
• The transparent material allows light in for photosynthesis
• Additional lighting can be added in the winter months
• Bacteria (Lactobacillus)


  Role in the production of yoghurt
• Increasing temperature


  Optimum for the enzymes controlling photosynthesis
• Greenhouse effect


  Glasshouses and polytunnels are at a higher temperature
• Use of an industrial fermenter

  Provide suitable conditions including aseptic precautions, nutrients, optimum temperature and pH, oxygenation and agitation, for the growth of microorganisms
• Burning fuels to increase temperature

  Releases carbon dioxide as a waste product, which is used by plants in photosynthesis
• Fish farming


  • Methods used to farm large numbers of fish to provide a source of protein, including maintaining water quality, controlling intraspecific and interspecific predation, controlling disease, removing waste products, controlling the quality and frequency of feeding, and selective breeding
• Burning fuels to increase temperature

  Increases water vapour levels in the air, reducing water loss by the plant in transpiration
• Microorganisms


  Living organisms that can only be seen with the help of a microscope. They can cause serious disease in humans or they can be harnessed and used for our benefit.
• Types of microorganisms


  • Bacteria
  • Viruses
  • Fungi e.g. Yeast
  • Protozoa
• Fish is an excellent low fat, high protein food
• Biotechnology


  The use of microorganisms in food production
• Humidity


  Controlled to prevent fungi and bacteria growth
• Examples of microorganisms used in food production

  • Bread
  • Yoghurt
• Increasing demand for seafood

  Causing problems of overfishing of wild stocks