The United Nations is the leading global intergovernmental organization that the world has at present
Cold War
A period of geopolitical tension marked by competition and confrontation between communist nations led by the Soviet Union and Western democracies including the United States
The United Nations was established
October 24, 1945
Franklin Roosevelt was the US President and Winston Churchill was the Great Britain Prime Minister
The Cold War was a war with NO DIRECT blow
The Atlantic Charter was not an official document but rather a joint statement expressing the war aims of the United States and the Great Britain
Global Events
New Alliances
The Atomic Age
Cuban Missile Crisis
Proxy Wars
Space Race
Principles of the Atlantic Charter
Rights of self-determination
All people to live in freedom from fear and want
Freedom of the seas
All nations must abandon the use of force and work collectively in the fields of economic and security
NATO (North Atlantic Treaty Organization)
A military alliance formed on April 1949 to provide mutual help when one of the members is attacked
The United Nations headquarters is located in Manhattan, New York City
NATO Members
Great Britain
Norway
United States
Italy
Luxembourg
Canada
Netherlands
Portugal
France
Denmark
Belgium
Iceland
Regional Offices of the United Nations
Geneva, Switzerland
Vienna, Austria
Nairobi, Kenya
Warsaw Pact
A military alliance established in 1955 among its Eastern European Allies in reference to NATO
Warsaw Pact Members
Albania
Bulgaria
Czechoslovakia
East Germany
Hungary
Poland
Romania
The Manhattan Project
The code name for the American-led effort to develop a functional atomic bomb, headed by theoretical physicist J. ROBERT OPPENHEIMER, the "Father of the Atomic Bomb"
Official Languages of the United Nations
Arabic
Chinese
English
French
Russian
Spanish
The first atomic bomb was successfully detonated in a remote desert location near Alamogordo, New Mexico - the Trinity Test which created an enormous mushroom cloud
July 16, 1945
Progressivism
No authority
The Soviets tested an atom bomb of their own called RDS-1 or "First Lightning" (codenamed "Joe-1" by the States)
August 29, 1949
Authoritarianism
One leader
Purposes of the United Nations
To keep peace throughout the world
To promote and respect human rights
To encourage friendly relationships between and among nations
To work together to solve international problems
Cuban Missile Crisis
A 13-day major confrontation that brought the United and the Soviet Union close to war over the presence of Soviet nuclear-armed missiles in Cuba
Principal Organs of the United Nations
General Assembly
Secretariat
International Court of Justice
Security Council
Economic and Social Council
Trusteeship Council
Anarchism
No authority
Key Figures
Fidel Castro
Nikita Khrushchev
Communism is a social, philosophical, political and economic ideology
General Assembly
193 members
Handles issues of peace and security, admission of new members, and granting financial help to different nations
Can elect non-permanent members of the Security Council, all members of the UN Economic and Social Council, the UN Secretary-General, and the 15 judges of the International Court of Justice
Secretariat
Documents report
Studies the preparation of the proposed budgets
Secretary-General acts as the chairperson of this organ
Nuclear Test-Ban Treaty
Signed in 1963 by both United States and Soviet Union, banning aboveground nuclear weapons testing
Communism is a society of common ownership
International Court of Justice
Universal court for international law
Settles legal disputes, answers questions, and suggests legal opinion in accordance to international law
In communism, the means of production are owned by the common masses
Korean War
Conflict between the Democratic People's Republic of Korea (North Korea) and the Republic of Korea (South Korea) in which at least 2.5 million persons lost their lives
Security Council
Ensures international peace and security
Determines if a threat exists
Encourages peaceful settlement of conflict
Has 15 members (5 permanent members: China, Great Britain, Russia, France, and the United States, and 10 elected members)