acids and alkalis

• tumeric, red cabbage and beetroot are types of indicators
• acids turn litmus red
• alkalis turn litmus blue
• acids are substances that taste sour
• acids have pHs less than 7
• alkalis are strong bases that turn red litmus paper blue
• all soaps and cleaners are alkalis
• alkalis have a pH more than 7
• substances that have a pH 7 are neutral
• acids react with a base to form salt and water
• neutralisation of an acid and an alkali form new substances
• hydrochloric acid + sodium hydroxide (reactants) -> sodium chloride + water (formed substances)
• general word equation for acids and alkalis

  acid + alkali -> salt + water
• chloric = chloride
• sulfuric = sulfate
• nitric = nitrate
• hydrochloric acids in stomachs have a pH of 1 or 2
• wasp stings are acidic, it can be treated with an alkali using neutralisation
• lithium hydroxide + hydrochloric acid -> lithium chloride + water
• sodium hydroxide + sulphuric acid -> sodium sulphate + water
• nitric acid + potassium hydroxide -> potassium nitrate + water
• sulfuric acid + copper oxide -> copper sulphate + water