THE GLOBAL CITIES

• This is where globalization occurs which makes spatial.

  Physical Spaces
• Globalization is spatial because what makes it move is the fact that it is based in places.
• This city is the home of Hollywood, where movies are made for global consumption.

  Los Angeles
• This city is the main headquarter for SONY where company coordinates across the world.

  Tokyo
• Cities act on globalization and globalization acts on cities.
• These are the sites and medium of globalization.

  Cities
• In 1950, 30% only lives in urban area, it increased in 2014 by 54%, and expected to reach 66% in 2050.
• She is a sociologist that popularized the term "global city" in the 1990's.

  Saskia Sassen
• It is the primary criteria for what constitute for a global city, according to Sassen.

  economic
• These are the 3 cities identified by Sassen as global.

  London, Tokyo, New York
• This is called as the stock exchange of New York.

  New York Stock Exchange
• This is called as the stock exchange of London.

  Financial Times Stock Exchange
• This is called as the stock exchange of London.

  Nikkei
• This city can rival Big Apple's Cultural Influences.

  Los Angeles
• This city is the home of the most powerful internet companies.

  San Francisco
• This is opened by China in late 1990, and grown to become the 5th largest stock market in the world.

  Shanghai Stock Exchange
• In Australia, Sydney has the biggest capital but its rival is Melbourne because it is referred as the most livable city.
• Instead of asking whether or not one city is global, it is better to ask , in what ways are cities global and to what extent they are global.
• Number of stock market:

  Tokyo- 613

  New York- 217
• This city has the busiest container port, moving around 33m container units in 2013.

  Shanghai
• This is the reason why top IT programmers from Asia moved to San Francisco Bay area.

  Silicon Valley
• this city remained as the preferred destination with filipino nurses.

  Londom
• Criterias on how to measure the economic competitiveness of a city:

  1. Market Size

  2. Purchasing Power of Citizens

  3. Size of the Middle Class

  4. Potential for Growth.
• This city is considered as Asia's most competitive city because of its strong market, good government, and livability.

  Singapore
• This city is the seat of American state power.

  Washington D.C
• It is the political capital of Australia, and home to the country's top politicians.

  Canberra
• Headquarters on UN is in New York

  Headquarters of European Union is in Brussels
• It is the capital of Indonesia and the location of ASEAN headquarters.

  Jakarta
• The base of the European Central bank, which oversees the Euro (The European Union’s currency).

  Frankfurt
• This is where Harvard University is located.

  Boston
• This is Australia's 3rd largest export that made as much 19.2b Australian Dollars in 2015.

  Education
• The capital of Denmark which is one of the culinary capital of the world.

  Copenhagen
• This is also a global city because England holds the biggest bands in the world (such as Joy Division, the Smiths, the Happy Mondays, making it a global household name.

  Manchester
• This houses Southeast Asia’s top television stations and news organization

  Singapore
• This is what ties global cities to the imagination.

  cultural power
• This city is not very global because of the dearth of the foreign residents, despite the massive domestic migration, but Singapore is.

  Manila
• These can be sites of great inequality and poverty as well as tremendous violence.

  Global Cities
• He notes that ecologist have found that by concentrating their populations in the smaller areas, cities and metros decrease human encroachment on natural habitats.

  Richard Florida
• In cities with extensive public transportation, people tend to drive less and cut carbon emissions.
• Cities cover 2% of world's landmass but consumes 78% of global energy.