11-13f

• Migration


  refers to the movement of people from place to place - this can be internal, within a society or international
• Immigration


  the movement to somewhere to settle permanently
• Emigration


  the movement out of somewhere permanentlu
• Net migration


  the balance between immigration and emigration
• The Irish


  the largest immigrant group between the 1750s - 1940s. Ireland lacked job opportunities and had poorer pay than England.
• Largest groups migrating to UK after WW2


  Irish, Eastern and Central European Jewish people, Canadians and Americans
• Largest groups migrating to the UK during the 1950s to 1970s


  Caribbean, Indian, Pakistani, Bangladeshi, Kenyan, Ugandan
• White (mainly Irish)


  the majority of immigrants
• 1500s to the 1980s


  the UK has had more people emigrate than immigrate
• Push factors


  a factor that causes people to leave their homelands and migrate to another region
• Pull factors


  a factor that induces people to move to a new location
• +34,000 to the UK

  net migration in 2020
• Higher fertility rates in immigrants


  this causes a growth in the UK population which otherwise would be in decline
• The affect of migration on the dependency ratio


  complex as migrants are of working age so therefore it makes it less dependent but they have more children with then makes the ratio more dependent
• Globalisation


  the idea that barriers between societies are disappearing and people are becoming increasing interconnected across national boundaries
• How is the world becoming globalised?


  the growth of communication systems and technologies, global media, creation of global markets, the fall of communism in Eastern Europe, the expansion of the European Union
• Acceleration


  the speeding up of migration
• 33%


  the increase of international migration between 2000-2013
• Differentiation


  the different types of migrant - permanent settlers, temporary workers, spouses, refugees, asylum seekers, etc
• Vertovec 2007


  'super diversity'- migrants now come from a much wider range of countries
• Feminisation of migration


  today, nearly half of migrants are women (large increase)
• Ehrenreich and Hochschild 2003


  domestic and sex work in countries like the UK and USA, is increasingly done by women from poor countries. there is an increasing demand for domestic labour in which western women are less willing and western men are unwilling to perform
• 40%


  adult care nurses in the UK which are migrant families
• a global transfer of women's emotional labour


  migrant workers may provide care for their employer's children at the expense of their own children left behind in their home country
• Hybrid identities


  identities which draw on two or more ethnic traditions
• Eriksen 2007


  globalisation has created more diverse migration patterns, with back-and-forth movements of people through networks rather than permanent settlement in another country. this leads people to develop transnational "neither/nor" identities and loyalties.
• Eriksen's findings on Chinese migrants in Rome


  found that they thought Mandarin was more useful in everyday life than Italian as it is more important for their global connections with other Chinese people
• Ballard 1982


  most South-Asian families had a much broader network of familial-relations than the typical White British family. Asian families largely value maintaining family honour, even if it involves reinforcing patriarchal systems
• 3 times less likely


  Asian households to be cohabiting - they have higher rates of marriage
• Half the rate


  Asian household to be lone person households (compared to white)
• Twice the rate


  Black and mixed households to be lone parent households
• Divorce in Asian culture


  originally seen as as shameful, but is becoming more accepted - children used to be under pressure to stay in loveless marriages to uphold the families honour
• 1.5


  the fertility rate for UK born mothers in 2020
• nearly 2


  the fertility rate for non UK born mothers in 2020
• Around 28%


  births that are to women born outside of the UK in 2018
• South Asian immigration


  they have stronger extended kin, more arranged marriages, follow traditional gender roles
• Death rate


  the number of deaths each year per 1,000 people
• 19


  the death rate in 1900
• 9


  the death rate in 2019
• Reasons the death rate has fallen


  better healthcare, education on health and nutrition, public health/ hygiene, technology doing dangerous jobs, decline in disease