Weimar Republic

• Spartacists, 1919. Kapp Putsch, 1920. Munich Putsch, 1923.
• Hyperinflation was caused by the govt printing more money to pay back war debts in 1923.
• The Dawes Plan (1924) reduced reparations payments from Germany to France and Britain
• Article 48 (WR Constitution) allowed the chancellor to rule by decree in an emergency
• Article 231 was the war guilt clause
• By 1933, the Nazis had 33% of the votes, the largest party in the Reichstag
• Stresemann helped Germany join the League of Nations in 1926
• Locarno, 1925. Treaty of Rapallo, 1922. Treaty of Berlin, 1926. Kellogg Briand Pact, 1928.
• There were 7 coalitions between 1919 and 1923.
• Stresemann introduced the Rentenmark in 1923
• Stresemann introduced the "Great Coalition" in 1919
• The presidents during this period were Bruning, Papen and Schleicher
• KPD - German Communist Party
• SPD - German Socialist Party
• NSDAP - National Socialist German Workers Party
• DDP - German Democratic Party
• DNVP - German National Peoples Party
• DVP - German Peoples Party
• The NSDAP was formerly the DAP before it was renamed in 1920
• Z - Zentrum Party (Catholic centre party)
• Left wing - DDP, SPD, KPD
• Right wing - NSDAP, DVP, DNVP
• The KPD was created by Rosa Luxemburg and Karl Liebknecht
• The DVP was created by Gustav Stresemann
• The SPD was in multiple coalitions
• The NSDAP was lead by Adolf Hitler and had a 25 point programme
• 13% of land lost (ToV)
• £6.6 billion in reparations (ToV)
• Germany had to accept blame for the war
• Germany could not pay back war debts in German Marks, so they had to repay them in coal, gold and machinery
• Treaty of Versailles signing in 1919 encouraged the "Stab in the Back" theory, where the govt surrendered and lost the war
• The right wing did not accept the loss of the war
• The WR constitution allowed exploitation (A48) with passing laws by decree being a hard habit to break
• Army was limited to 100,000. Only 6 battleships allowed. No air force. Demilitarisation of the Rhineland
• Munich Putsch (1923) - Hitler and his SA marched on Munich and seized the radio station.
• Hitler was a demagogue, so he was able to tap into peoples fears and emotions and use them to his advantage
• Joseph Goebbels - Minister of propaganda, responsible for the Nazi media.
• Gaues where people who spread Nazi propaganda and ideas throughout Germany
• Hitler was sentenced to five years in prison for treason, but was released after 9 months, since the judge liked Hitler's speaches
• Young Plan 1929 - reduced reparations by 25%