Spanish Colonial HOA4

• Tejas


  Roof Tiles
• Baldosas


  Floor Tiles
• Reduccion


  Urbanizing program aiming to consolidate small scattered clusters (indigenous communities) into compact villages ("Poblacion" or town) that can be easily reached by colonial authorities to accomplish territorial & spiritual takeover
• Encomienda


  The colony was divided into parcels assigned to a Spanish colonist (encomendero) who was mandated to "allocate, allot or distribute" the resources of the domain
• Bajo de las campanas


  Under the sound of the bells
• Cabecera


  City or poblacion (town), core of the municipality
• Barrios


  Adjacent barangays
• Intramuros


  Patterned after the walled fortress of Europe, reserved for the nobility and the clergy, Insulares (Spanish-born nationals), Peninsulares (Philippine-born nationals)
• Extramuros


  Living beyond the walls/Pueblos, villages outside the walls, Parian (a separate urban quarter designated to Chinese community), Dilao (Japanese community)
• Royal Ordinance by King Philip II, encapsulates the building regulations and zoning stipulations developed from Spain's urban planning experience in America; also theories of Classical Renaissance & Urban Design (Vitruvius and Alberti)


  1573
• Plaza Mayor


  Main plaza of a town plan
• Cuadricula


  Grid iron pattern of streets
• Plaza


  Wide open space bounded by roads or "kalsada", adjacent to civic buildings and intended for political or social activities
• Plaza Complex


  Centralization of political power & colonial omnipresence
• Maestro de obras


  Master Builders; mostly Spanish military & civil engineers were assigned to design and supervise Public Works
• Pakyaw


  Contractual employment system
• Polo y servicio

  Compelled every abled bodied men to render labor for 40 days/year to sustain building activities
• Instruments of Urbanism

  • Manila Cathedral
  • Palacio del Gobernador
  • Ayuntamiento
  • Plaza de Roma (Plaza Mayor)
• 1851 Map of Intramuros
• Intramuros, 1852. Plaza Mayor with the bronze statue of King Carlos IV fronting the Manila Cathedral. On the left is the Ayuntamiento, on the opposite side is the Palacio del Gobernador, the two symbols of Spanish power in the Philippines.
• Bastion System

  Principles of Medieval Citadels of Europe, characterized by continuous stretch of polygonal perimeter walls connected by protruding precincts called "Bastions"
• Cortinas

  3 to 10M thick walls
• Casa Matas

  Stone landings on top of walls on which artillery weapons were propped up
• Baluartes or Bastiones

  1. sided pullworks
• Garitas

  Turrets; Watchtowers resting on other corners where sentinels kept watch
• Moat or Foso

  A deep & wide ditch filled with water surrounding the whole fortification as a form of defense
• Fortress Architecture

  • Fuerza de San Pedro, Cebu
  • Fuerza de Nuestra Señora del Pilar, Zamboanga
• Fortress church

  A church built with fortification for defensive purposes in times of strife
• Fort Santiago, Intramuros, Manila
• Ecclesiastical Architecture Styles

  • Classical
  • Romanesque
  • Gothic
  • Baroque
  • Rococo
• Tropical Motifs & Ornaments

  Flowers, fruits, fauna, Fu dogs, Lions, Clouds
• Funerary chapel

  A chapel, conspicuously built inside a campo santo (cemetery), for the funeral ceremony of service
• Funerary chapels

  • La Loma Funeral Chapel, Manila
  • San Joaquin Funeral Chapel, Iloilo
• Perron

  External grand staircase leading up to a building entrance or portal
• Kampanaryo

  Belltower; Either 1 or 2; Baptistry at the ground floor
• Ilocos churches

  Have detached bell towers at a considerable distance
• Rectangular & Cruciform

  Basic plan of Philippine Colonial Churches
• Tayabas Church

  Resembled a "key"
• Oton Church, Iloilo

  Greek Cross plan
• Altar Mayor

  Where the Eucharist was celebrated located at the far-end of the sanctuary; "Main Altar"