Topic 4: Bioenergetics

• Photosynthesis is an exothermic reaction
• carbon dioxide+water makes glucose + oxygen
• 6CO2 + 6H2O -> C6H12O6 + 6O2
• Increase in temperature means that the enzymes begin to denature and decreases the reaction
• Light intensity increases so does the rate of reaction
• carbon dioxide concentration increases the rate of reaction increases
• Amount of chlorophyll decreases in magnesium deficiency then so would the rate of reaction
• A limiting factor is and environmental condition which in low levels restrict photosynthesis
• As the distance of the light source and plant increases, the light intensity decreases
• Uses of glucose

  • respiration
  • converted into starch
  • produce lipids
  • form amino acids
• aerobic respiration uses oxygen which yields up most of the energy. Occurs in the mitochondria
• glucose + oxygen produces carbon dioxide +water
• Aerobic respiration C6H12O6+O2 makes CO2 + H2O
• Anaerobic respiration is the breakdown of glucose in the absence of oxygen.
• glucose ------> lactic acid (anaerobic respiration)
• glucose ---> ethanol + lactic acid in plants
• • more energy is needed for the muscles to contract
  • respiration occurs faster
  • heart rate increases
  • breathing rate increases
  • breath volume increases
• Oxygen debt is the amount of oxygen needed to remove lactic acid from the muscles
• blood flowing through the muscles transports the lactic acid to the liver where it is stored as glucose
• metabolism is the sum of all the chemical reactions in a cell or organism
• Examples of metabolism reactions

  • glucose being converted into starch
  • break down of proteins