Introduction to Physical Education

Created by

Velandro Sebro

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Physical Education - It’s about education about the body, understanding of its importance and benefits. Accepting responsibility to live a healthy lifestyle and acknowledging that physical activity is an essential aspect in life, benefitting not only the physical but mental, social and emotional as well. You doing your part to stay active whether it be through sport or recreation . It’s also “education through physical” where you develop and learn skills/exercises that can assist you in your everyday life and so on.(I.e. balance, coordination, reaction time etc.)
What is Physical Education?
The study to provide you with knowledge and practical experiences that will help you make decisions about your mental, physical and social well-being. (Fundamentals of Health and Physical Education).
OR
The study of movement of the human body, using both theory and practical experiences to achieve holistic development by focusing on mind, body and spirit. (Caribbean Physical Education)
History of Health and Physical Education -
In one form or the other health and physical education has been an important aspect of people lives. From early mankind till now, we have seen how physical activities have influenced man’s lifestyle and decisions. And as time went on, the development and implementation of it became an integral part of society.
Why is Physical Education important?
Learn about living a healthy lifestyle and learning about your body
Learn how to improve physical fitness
Learn about different sports (rules, skills etc.) and recreation activities
Promotes discipline, respect, fair play and good sportsmanship
Satisfies some of our basic urges ; Know, Move, Compete, Succeed & Be Praised
Teaches about becoming a professional in field of sport and physical education
History Physical Education -
Prehistoric Man – had to be able to gather food and protect themselves. Their lifestyle required high level of physical fitness. Hunting for food and escaping threats they had to be able to jump high and far, run quickly and throw accurately.
Ancient China – martial arts, exercise and meditation were practiced for fitness and health.
Ancient India – yoga and meditation was practiced to bring together the body, mind and spirit.
Physical Education History

Ancient Greece – stressed the development of the whole person, body and mind. Greek boys learnt skills such as jumping, dance, boxing, wrestling, throwing and javelin.
Ancient Rome – just like the Greeks, sports was a part of a boy’s development and learnt similar sports and skills. They further developed spectator sports for entertainment which included gladiator matches and chariot racing.
The Olympic Games
The first recorded Olympic games took place in Athens , Greece 776BC
They were held at regular intervals until A.D 393 where they were abolished by a Christian Roman Emperor who thought they were against Christian Belief
The Olympic Games
Baron Pierre de Coubertin, began the revival of the Olympic Games.
In 1894, The International Olympic Committee (IOC) was founded by Baron Pierre de Coubertin who took the title of President of the committee. He suggested that the games be re-established as an international four-yearly event to be hosted by different countries each time.
In 1896, the first modern Olympic games was held in Athens, Greece
What is Physical Activity?
Bodily movements over a period of time that encourages exercise, sport or recreational activities.
What is Health?
Not merely the absence of diseases or sickness
State of complete physical, mental and social well being
You feel good all round

In a nutshell, health is about the overall perspective and not just specific.
How does Physical Activity benefits:

Social Well-being :
helps you gain confidence
learn to communicate with others
learn team work and cooperation
meet new people and build relationships
feeling of worth and have a sense of belonging
Mental Well-being:
Cope with pressures within sport and using it in real life situations. E.g coping with pressures of exams.
You learn to control emotions, as in sports there are penalties for breaking the rules or “tripping off” as we say. So even if you are angry you won’t become violent.
Builds your self esteem
Physical Well-being:
Reduces the risk of diseases
Physical changes; muscles tones up, bone strengthens, become fitter and more athletic
Organs and other body systems grow stronger and healthy
The Human Body
What is it made up of?
The Human body is made up of millions of cells. Cells are the building blocks of the body. They join together to form tissues and then organs. Organs in different systems work together to carry out the many functions of the human body.
How the body is made up
The Skeletal System
The bones of the body makes up the skeletal system
There are 206 bones in the human body
Systems of the Human Body
Skeletal System
2. Muscular System
3. Circulatory System
4. Respiratory System
5. Digestive System
6. Excretory System
7. Reproductive System
8. Nervous System
9. Endocrine System
10. Skin System
Functions of the Skeletal System
-Provides framework, supporting and giving shape to the body
-Assisting muscles with movement
-Protection of vital and internal organs
-Manufacturing blood cells
-Stores mineral like calcium
The structure and working of the skeletal system - Front View
The structure and working of the skeletal system - Side View and Back View
Types of bones

Long Bones – Upper and lower limbs – femur, humerus, radius, ulna, tibia, fibula, clavicle
2. Short Bones – tarsals , carpals , patella
3. Flat Bones – cranium, scapula, sternum, ilium
4. Irregular – mandible, coccyx, bones of spinal column
The Vertebral Column
Cervical Vertebrae :
This is your neck, provides attachment for neck muscles
Includes two bones called Atlas for nodding and Axis for rotation
C7 – made up of 7 vertebrae
Bones Type of bones
Thoracic Vertebrae
Your ribs are attached to these and form part of the chest area
T-12
Thoracic Spine
Lumbar Vertebrae
The largest individual veterbrae
Supports the weight of the others and lots of movement takes places here
L-5
Spine 1
Spine 2
Sacrum or Sacral Vertebrae
These are fused together and makes a large triangular bone
Fused to your pelvis
S-5
Coccyx Vertebrae
These are fuse together as well
Aka Tailbone
C-4
Coccyx (Tailbone)
Bone View
Joints
Joints are where two or more bones meet

There are three (3) types of joints : Fixed, Slightly Moveable & Freely Moveable
Fixed or Immovable Joints such as does in the skull
One bone is connected directly to the other
These joints don’t allow any movement
E.g Cranium and Ilium
Slightly Moveable Joints

These joints are sometimes called cartilaginous joints because they are separated by a layer of cartilage
Allowed limited amount of movement or only a small amount of movement
Joints in the spinal column and where ribs join breastbone
Freely Moveable Joints or Synovial joints
Movement is allowed in one or more directions
They are lubricated by synovial fluid

There are six (6) types of Freely Moveable Joints :
Ball and Socket
Hinge
Pivot
Saddle
Condyloid
Gliding
The Ball and Socket Joint
The most moveable joint in the body
One bone has a round head fitting into a cup-shaped socket in the other bone
E.g. Hip joint and Shoulder joint
The Hinge Joint
Movement like a door ; in one direction
Eg Elbow, Knee and Ankle Joint
Elbow Hinge: Elbow joint is a hinge joint that allows flexion and extension of the forearm.
The Pivot Joint
This joint allows rotation movement
Eg the joint between atlas and axis & the joint between radius and ulna (changing back hand to forehand)
Another example is the joint which allow us to turn our heads from side to side.