Topic 1 Electricity

• Electric charge


  Characteristic of materials that attract and repel other materials
• Producing charges


  1. Rubbing, touching, or moving close together and then separating materials

  2. Shuffling across a carpet

  3. Water droplets and ice crystals colliding and rubbing in thunderstorms

  4. Shoes or socks rubbing against carpet
• Static electricity


  Charges that remain stationary
• Unbalanced charges


  Charges that move
• Coulomb (C)


  Unit of electric charge
• Positive charge


  Charge on amber rubbed with fur
• Negative charge

  Charge left on fur rubbed with amber
• Unlike charges

  One positive and one negative charge
• Electricity


  Electrical Energy - the movement of charges
• Static and current electricity

  Completely different
• Static and current electricity

  • Many differences/few similarities
• Static and current electricity

  • Some similarities some differences
• Static and current electricity

  • Many similarities/few differences
• Static Electricity


  1. Watch the following videos and begin to fill in a venn diagram to take notes on static electricity

  2. Video 1

  3. Video 2

  4. Video 3
• Current Electricity


  1. Video 1 (watch until 4:48)

  2. Video 2
• Conductor


  Materials that allow charges to move freely
• Static vs. Current Electricity

  Completely different
• Static vs. Current Electricity

  Many differences/few similarities
• Conductor


  • Copper
  • Gold
  • Nickel
• Static vs. Current Electricity

  Some similarities some differences
• Insulator


  Materials that DO NOT allow charges to move freely or pass through them
• Static vs. Current Electricity

  Many similarities/few differences
• Insulator


  • Rubber
  • Paper
  • Wood
• Conductors and Insulators


  1. Video 1

  2. Video 2
• Fair Conductors


  Materials allow electrons to move, but not at all freely
• Groups


  • Group 1
  • Group 2
  • Group 3
• Fair Conductors


  • Nichrome Wire
  • Salt Water
• Semi-Conductors


  Materials with higher conductivity than insulators but with lower conductivity than metals
• Conductors and insulators


  What is the difference between them?
• Semi-Conductors


  • Silicon
• Insulators


  How are they important for electrical safety?
• Superconductors


  Materials that do not resist any flow. Materials become superconductors when they are subjected to really low temperatures (-100 to – 200 C)
• Textbook pages 269-270
• Superconductors


  • Any metal, at the right temperature can be a superconductor
• Static electricity


  Charges are produced by rubbing or touching and these charges remain stationary
• Superconductors


  What are they and when are they used?
• Current


  The flow of electric charge (electrons) through a material every second
• Static electricity is also called unbalanced charges
• Electric shock from static electricity


  What is it called and why is it a safety issue?
• Electric current


  Measured in amperes (A) or milliamperes (mA)