PR1 L#3 Analyzing the meaning of Data and Drawing Conclusion

• Considerations - Patterns or common themes that emerge from the data.
• Data Analysis Purpose - To answer the research questions and to help determine the trends and relationships among the variables
• Descriptive Analysis - these summarize the data and describe sample characteristics.
• Descriptive Statistics 

  Are numerical values obtained from the sample that gives meaning to the data collected.
• Mode – a numeric value in a distribution that occurs most frequently.
• Median – an index of average position in a distribution of numbers.
• Mean – the point of the score scale that is equal to the sum of the scores divided by the total number of scores. 
• Range – the distance between the highest score and the lowest score in the distribution.
• 1. Standard Deviation – the commonly used measure of variability that indicates the average to which the scores deviate from the mean. 
• Inferential Statistics  - are numerical values that enable the researcher to draw conclusion about a population based on the characteristics of a population sample.
• Contingency table – is essentially a two-dimensional frequency in which the frequencis of two variables are cross-tabulated.
• Correlation – the most common method of describing the relationship between two measures.
• t-test is used to examine the difference between the means of two independent groups
• Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) - is used to test the significance of differences between means of two or more groups.
• Chi-square - this is used to test hypotheses about the proportion of elements that fall into various cells of a contingency table.
• 1. Narrative or textual form  - This is composed of summary of findings, direct quotations and implications of the study.
• 1. Tables - Tables are used to present a clear and organized data. This is utilized for easy analysis and interpretation of data.