wrong EQ

• which one of the following is slow twitch muscle fibres?

  many mitochondria
• which best describes role of tendons?

  attatches muscles to bones
• fast twitch glycolytic fibres are used in activities that are… Intensity and require a very… Force of attraction. This is because the size of the motoe neurone is… And they are… Fibres per motor unit

  high, strong, large, many
• identify three short term effects on cardiovascular system

  increase HR, increase SV, increase Q, increase BP, increase blood temp
• explain role of diaphragm as a respiratory muscle diaphragm contracts in respiration which increases volume of thoracic cavity, decreasing pressure of the lungs, relaxes during expiration which decreases volume of thoracic cavity and increases pressure in lungs
• explain why trained cyclist can reach a higher minute ventilation than an untrained cyclist during exercise

  increase TV, inc size of lungs, increased f, inc strength of respiratory muscles eg diaphragms intercostals
• why a player would use ATP-pPC system with sporting example

  short sprint in football, first few seconds of exercise is very high intensity, it is anaerobic since there’s not enough time for anaerobic glycolysis
• why a player would use aerobic system with sporting example 


  goong on for the full 90 mins of a football game, atleast two during after start of exercise, low/ medium intensity, there’s enough oxygen available
• what caused flexion of the spine

  rectus abdominus
• how long does it take to fully recover after a marathon

  48 hours
• explain fixator role

  stabilises and holds body in place, while another muscle causes movement, include example!! erector spinal stabilises back in plank
• why is resting HR of untrained higher then trained


  less efficient cardiac muscle, smaller heart muscle, lack of hyper trophy of heart, lower SV, lower venous return
• three structural characteristics of fast glycolytic muscle fibres

  large size, few capillaries, high PC stores, few mitochondria
• why stroke volume differed from trained and untrained

  SV is higher for trained so more blood pumped out per beat, hyper trophy of heart, stronger heart, better and improved venous return, more blood filling ventricles (left)
• what contains pocket valives to assist blood flow

  veins
• how does sternocleidastoid assist process

  increase vol of air inspired, raises incase, increased volume of thoracic cavity
• how does rectus abdominals

  increase vol of air expired, pull down ribs, decrease thoracic cavity
• describe changes of TV during recovery after exercise

  TV drops as soon as exercise ends, but remains higher then restong levels during recovery, because oxygen is needed to repay debt,
• what causes knee extension

  vastus medialis
• three long term benefits of muscles system 


  increase in size hyper trophy, increase in glycogen, increase capillarisation, increased in size and density of mitochondria
• how does warm up improve efficiency 


  inc muscle temp, inc flexibility, increase speed and force of contraction
• role of arterioles during exercise

  vasodilate to allow more blood to working muscles, vasoconstrict to non essential organs
• characteristic of fast glycolytic fibres

  1. low PPC stores
  2. few mitochondria
  3. many capillaries
  4. high myoglobin stores

  2
• sporting activities can be placed at different points on this depending on their intensity and duration

  1. movement analysis
  2. energy system
  3. energy continuum
  4. recovery process
• cool down on muscular system

  reduces muscle soreness, increases flexibility, removal of lactic acid
• slow oxidatice muscle fibres charavteristics 


  small neurone, many mitochondria, low PC stores
• why minute ventilation changes once exercise starts and why it happens

  increases to get more oxygen to working muscles
• why is minute ventilation higher during recovery then at rest

  removal of lactic acid, repay oxygen debt
• recovery process for lactic acid system including timescale for full recovery

  lactacid is slow component, removal of lactic acid, 30 mins - 2 hours
• what muscle contracts during plantar flexion of the ankle

  soleus
• one effect of cooldown in respiratory system

  maintains elevated ventilation rate
• what activity is most reliant on lactoc

  acid energy system

  200m breastroke
• what process of a part of alaric recovery system

  restoration of PC stores
• short bones 


  compact and designed for strength and weight bearing
• how bicep and tricep work as a pair during a press up

  tricep brachii is agonist for both, bicep is antagonist, upwards concentric, downwards eccentric