evolution

• Remember that that the first thing responsible for a species developing a resistance or trait is that a mutation occurs

  Speficically the mutation part
• what are the 5 Factors affecting evolution?


  Mutations leading to different alleles and more genetic variation

  Sexual selection - increase in the frequency of alleles that increase mating success

  Gene flow - movement of alleles between populations

  Genetic drift (occurs in small populations) - the change of allele frequency due to mutations creating new alleles which have a greater effect on smaller populations

  Natural selection - the frequency alleles that improve survival will be selected for leading to carriers suriving and reproducing hence increasing the frequency of the allele
• Allopatric speciation is caused when?


  2 populations of the species are physically seperated from each other, cutting off gene flow and are subject to different environments which leads to greater differences in alleles over time
• What is speciation? The process by which a population of organisms becomes reproductively isolated from other populations
• What is the hardy-weinburg principle?


  the frequency of alleles in a population will remain constant as long as there are no disturbing factors factors and no evolution will occur
• What is epistasis?


  the interaction of genes on different loci. an example would be the lac operon and generally regulatory mechanisms