malaira, TMV, RBS,

• how is malaria spread?

  By the mosquito vector
• How is malaria treated & prevented?

  • Can be treated early with drugs
  • Can reduce spread by controlling mosquito population
• How is measles spread?

  The inhalation of droplets from coughs and sneezes
• How is rose black spot spread?

  Spores from the fungus are carried in the wind or water
• How is rose black spot treated & prevented?

  • Fungicide chemicals
  • Breeding resistant varieties of the plant
  • Leaves can be removed and burned to prevent the spread over the plant
• How is TMV spread?

  direct contact
• How is TMV treated and prevented?


  No treatment

  Prevented by good field hygiene and TMV resistant strains of crops
• Name a fungal disease

  RBS
• How to treat and prevent measeles?


  No treatment Prevented by vaccine
• Name a protist disease

  malaria
• What are 2 disadvantages of vaccination?


  The vaccine doesnt always give immunity There can be side effects to the vaccine
• What are 2 advantages of vaccination?


  Diseases that were once common are now fairly rare due to widespread vaccination Epidemics can be prevented if large number of the population are vaccinated
• What are 3 types of indirect transmission of pathogens?

  1. Vector
  2. Waterborne and food
  3. Droplet infection
• What are 3 types of direct transmission of pathogens?

  1. Direct contact
  2. Placental transfer
  3. Sexual contact
• What are bacteria?


  reproduce rapidly and can affect the host by releasing toxins, these damage tissues and make us feel unwell
• What are fungi?


  grow on living tissue, some are single-celled and others have a body made of hyphae
• What are protists?


  eukaryotic organisms some of them are parasitic, that live on or inside the host organism. They are often transferred by vectors
• What types of disease is measles?

  virus
• What type of disease is TMV?

  bacterial
• What is a vector?

  An organism that doesnt cause a disease itself but which spreads infection by transferring pathogens from one host to another 
• What is a pathogen?

  Microorganisms that cause infectious disease
• What are the symptoms of TMV?

  Mosaic pattern of discolouration as it infects the chloroplasts It will not grow as much due to lack of photosynthesis - reduces the yield of crops
• What are the symptoms of salmonella?

  Fever, abdominal cramps, vomiting and diarrhoea 
• What are the symptoms of Rose Black Spot?

  Purple or black spots on the leaves. Leaves then turn yellow and drop off.Loss of leaves means less chloroplasts for photosynthesis to less energy to make flowers
• What are the symptoms of Measles?

  Fever Red skin rash In serious cases can cause blindness and brain damage
• What are the symptoms of malaria?

  fever and shaking when the protists are bursting out of the RBC These episodes can weaken the host so much it can be fatal
• What are the symptoms of HIV?

  Starts with a flu-like illnessIf untreated, can attack cells of the immune system Causes aids after the immune system is so badly damaged that it can no longer deal with infections or cancers