Colligative and partial properties

• what occurs when a non-volatile solute is dissolved?

  introduces disorder (increases entropy)
• what is affected by adding solutes?

  • vapour pressure
  • osmotic pressure
  • freezing point
  • boiling point
• how is boiling point affected by solutes?

  increases
• how is freezing point affected by solutes?

  decreases
• how does solutes affect liquid to vapour change?

  reduced driving force, so vapour may condense
• what is osmosis?


  passages of pure solvent through semi-permeable membrane into a solution
• how to prevent flow of osmosis?


  apply pressure
• what does partial molar property vary with?


  changes in molar composition at constant temperarure and pressure
• what is partial molar property?


  Thermodynamic quantity which indicates how extensive property of a solution or mixture varies
• what is an intensive property?


  Physical property of a system that does not depend on the system size or the amount of material in the system
• what is an extensive property?

  Proportional to the amount of material in the system