Chapter 7

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Lyca Magat

Cards (16)

  • Isomerism

    Molecules with the same molecular formula but different arrangements of atoms
  • Molecular formula

    • Describes the exact number of atoms in a compound
    • Condensed formula
  • Structural formula

    • Gives the exact number of atoms and the bonding arrangement of these atoms
    • Expanded formula
  • Categories of Isomerism

    • Structural Isomerism or Constitutional Isomerism
    • Stereoisomerism (geometric and optical)
  • Structural Isomerism or Constitutional Isomerism

    Isomers that vary in the bonding attachments of atoms
  • Types of Structural Isomerism

    • Skeletal/chain Isomers
    • Positional Isomers
    • Functional Group Isomerism
  • Skeletal/Chain Isomers

    • Compounds that differ in the location of a non carbon group or double or triple bond
    • No change in the carbon skeleton
  • Positional Isomers

    • C3H7Br
    • C4H9OH
  • Functional Group Isomerism

    • Isomers that belong to different classes of organic compounds because they possess different functional groups
    • Functional group is usually the site of the characteristic reactions of a particular class of compounds
  • Functional Group Isomerism

    • C3H6O
    • C3H6
    • C3H6O2
  • Stereoisomerism

    Molecules with the same connectivity but different arrangements of the atoms in space
  • Types of Stereoisomers

    • Geometric (cis / trans) Isomers
    • Optical isomers
  • Geometric (cis / trans) Isomers

    • Restricted rotation about the carbon-carbon double bond
    • Relative positions of substituent groups above or below the double bond become significant
  • Geometric (cis / trans) Isomers

    • 1,2-dichloroethene
    • Cis-2-Butene
    • Trans-2-Butene
  • Optical isomers

    • Molecules whose structures are mirror images but cannot be superimposed on one another in any orientation
    • Have identical physical properties, although their chemical properties may differ in asymmetric environments
  • Molecules that are nonsuperimposable mirror images of each other are said to be chiral (pronounced "ky-ral," from the Greek cheir, meaning "hand")