psycho dynamic/dynamic - unconscious, childhood o sociocultural - society
Experiment - reseacher manipulates one variable and records the results of the experiment.
Correlation - two variables are measured to see if they have a relationship with each other.
Observation - researcher observes behavior without changing it or influencing it.
Survey - questionnaire is given to participants to answer questions about themselves.
independent variable - the variable that is manipulated by the researcher to see how it affects the dependent variable
dependent variable - the variable that is measured in an experiment, such as the height of a plant
control group - the group that is not exposed to the experimental variable but is compared to the experimental group
placebo effect - the tendency for a patient to believe that a treatment is working when it is not
Double-blind - neither the participants nor the researchers know who is receiving the experimental treatment and who is receiving the control
experimental group - the group that is exposed to the experimental manipulation.
operational definition - a definition that is specific and measurable, and is used to describe the behaviour of a particular phenomenon
confound variable - a variable that is not controlled for in a study but is assumed to affect the outcome in a negative way
random assignment- participants are randomly assigned to the experimental or control group, so that the groups are similar
random sample - a sample that is selected from the population using a random method.
reliability - the extent to which a test or measure is consistent and predictable
Naturalistic observation - a research method where the researcher observes people in their natural environment
correlation - a relationship between two variables that is not necessarily causal
inferential statistics - establishes significance , significant results = NOT due to chance
ethical guidelines - guidelines that help researchers to make decisions about how to conduct their research ie : confidentiality, informed consent, debriefing
Neuron - a nerve cell that carries electrical impulses around the body
dendrite - branching structure that receives information from other neurons and sends it to the cell body
cell body - includes nucleus
axon - the long extension of a neuron that carries nerve impulses away from the cell body
myelin sheaths - insulating layer around axons of neurons that speeds up the transmission of nerve impulses
terminals - release NTs - send signal onto next neuron
synapse - the junction between two neurones where the impulse is transmitted
actional potential - movement of sodium and potassium ions across a membrane sends an electrical impulse down the axon
All or none law - if a stimulus is absent, the neuron will not fire
refractory period - neuron must rest and reset before it can send another AP
sensory neurons - receive signals
motor neurons - send signals
efferent neurons - signal exits from the brain to motor neurons to initiate action
central NS - contains the brain and spinal cord, and is surrounded by the meninges