Plant Parts

• Roots

  They are the major part that anchors the plant firmly in the soil. They absorb water and minerals from the soil, synthesise plant growth regulators, and store reserve food material.
• The apical part of the root is covered by the root cap that protects the root apex.
• Primary roots - direct elongation of radicle that grow inside the soil in dicots
• Secondary and Tertiary roots - bears lateral roots
• Pneumatophores - roots growing vertically upwards to get oxygen for respiration
• Stem

  • part of the plant which is found above the ground
• Brown stem - bark of trees

  Green stem - younger stems
• Internode - The region where the leaves arise is known as the node and the region between the nodes
• Trunk - toughest part of the plant
• Bark - a thick outer covering the trunk
• Stem provides a definite framework and structure to a plant, which later develops into a tree.
• Support: Primary function of the stem is to hold up buds, flowers, leaves, and fruits to the plant. 
• • Transportation: It is the part which transports water and minerals from the root and prepared food from leaves to other parts of the plant.
• Storage: Stems are one of the storerooms of plants where the prepared food is stored in the form of starch.
• • Reproduction: A few stems help in reproduction through vegetative propagation and also help to bear flowers and to produce fruits.
• • Guards: Protects Xylem and phloem allowing them to perform their functions. The stem tendrils are spirally coiled and help the plant to climb support. The axillary buds also get modified into thorns that protect the plant from grazing animals.
• Leaves are the most important part of a plant. They contain chlorophyll that helps the plants to prepare their food using sunlight, carbon dioxide and water. 
• A leaf consists of three main parts- petiole, leaf base and lamina.
• The petiole keeps the leaf blade exposed to wind and cools the leaf
• 1. The leaf base is a protruding part of a leaf.
• 1. The lamina of the leaf contains veins and veinlets that provide rigidity to the leaf blade and help in the transport of mineral nutrients.
• 3 main functions of leaves

  1. Photosynthesis
  2. Transpiration
  3. Reproduction
• • Photosynthesis: Green leaves prepare food for plants by using water and carbon dioxide in the presence of sunlight. This process is called photosynthesis.
• • Transpiration: Other than photosynthesis, leaves play a crucial role in the removal of excess of water from plants through tiny pores called stomata. This is the process of transpiration
• • Reproduction: Leaves of some plants helps in reproduction also. For e.g. leaves of Bryophyllum give rise to a new Bryophyllum plant.
• Flowers are the most beautiful and colourful part of a plant. They are the reproductive part of a plant.
• • Petals: It is the colourful part of a flower which attracts insects and birds.
• • Sepals: Sepals are green leafy parts present under petals and protect the flower buds from damage.
• • Stamens: This is the male part of the flower consisting of anther and filament.
• • Pistil: This is the female part of the flower consisting of stigma, style and ovary.
• Fruits are the main features of a flowering plant. It is a matured ovary that develops after fertilisation. Some fruits are developed without fertilization and are known as parthenocarpic fruits and the process is known as Parthenocarpy.