B5 homeostasis and response Ms haughty ppt

• Pupil


  Part of the eye that allows light in
• Cornea and lens


  • Parts of the eye that help to focus light rays on the back of the eye
• Retina


  Part of the eye that contains receptor cells
• Sclera


  Part of the eye that forms a tough, protective outer layer
• Pupil in dim light


  Dilates (gets bigger)
• Circular muscles


  Muscles that contract to constrict the pupil
• Looking at something close up


  Lens is fat
• Looking at something close up

  Ciliary muscles contract
• Short sightedness


  Light rays meet in front of the retina
• Convex lens


  Shape of lens used to correct long sight
• Key words


  • vasodilation
  • vasoconstriction
  • hypothalamus
  • receptors
  • thermoregulatory centre
• If your body temperature is supposed to be 37 degrees, why do you not die on a day when its 0 degrees outside in winter or 40 degrees outside when you are on holiday?
• Respiration


  Process that produces heat in every living cell
• Core body temperature


  Between 36 and 37.5°C
• Heat transfer


  In the blood
• Hypothermia


  What happens if body temperature drops below 35°C
• Hyperthermia


  What happens if core body temperature rises above 40.6°C
• Thermoregulatory centre


  Part of the brain (hypothalamus) that monitors and controls body temperature
• Receptors


  Sensitive to the temperature of the blood
• Skin


  Contains temperature receptors and sends nervous impulses to the thermoregulatory centre
• Negative feedback


  Mechanism the body uses to keep body temperature at the same level
• Cooling down - responding to a rise in body temperature

  1. Hairs on skin lie flat

  2. Sweat is produced

  3. Blood vessels dilate (vasodilation)
• Warming up - responding to a fall in body temperature


  1. Hairs on skin stand up

  2. No sweat is produced

  3. Shivering

  4. Blood vessels constrict (vasoconstriction)
• When you are too hot, the stimulus is the rise in body temperature
• When you are too cold, the stimulus is the fall in body temperature
• Different methods to measure body temperature


  • Clinical thermometers
  • Digital thermometers
  • Forehead thermometers
• Exercise


  Increases body temperature
• Respiration generates energy in the form of ATP in all living cells
• Energy is used to make muscle cells contract
• Energy generation in living cells also releases heat
• Sweating, vasodilation, and hairs lying flat on skin help to cool the body down during prolonged exercise
• Drinking more water is needed when exercising to replace fluid lost through sweating
• When Planning this lesson have you remembered to:
• Things to do when planning the lesson


  • Get the pupils to read (revision guide/BBCbitesize) ahead and make notes
  • Spider diagram
  • Answer a few questions
  • Plan an opportunity to test their knowledge
  • Fun quiz
  • Task without looking
  • Sort some statements
  • Matching
  • Flip their learning
  • Get them to pick out the key words that must be important in this topic by reading a passage or watching a video
  • Having them use their notes to solve a problem
  • Do an exam question first, then go back to it at the end
  • Explain it to a friend
  • Red pen your notes you made from pre-reading – make corrections rather than copying form the board
  • Give them a skills opportunity?
  • Give them a chance to review past work (really old work or more recent work)
  • Interrupt tasks
  • Quizzes
  • Practise revision techniques
• Blood Glucose


  • Why do we need sugar?
  • What is the equation that uses this sugar in our cells?
• Banting and Best


  • Two doctors, Frederick Banting and Charles Best, made an extract from the pancreas in 1921
  • The extract had anti-diabetic properties, and they tested it successfully on diabetic dogs
  • The first tests in humans were carried out in 1922, and were a success too
  • Some patients who were in a diabetic coma even recovered
  • The extract contained the hormone insulin
• Task - Watch the following clip and take notes in the back of your books

  Explaining diabetes animation
• Information to fill in the table


  • Type 1
  • Type 2
  • Causes
  • Problems
  • Treatments
• What hormones are needed?

  Insulin and Glucagon
• What organs are used in the control of blood glucose?

  Pancreas and Liver