Layers of the Atmosphere and Seasons

• Stratosphere - Contains ozone (O3), which absorbs UV radiation from the sun
• Troposphere - The lowest layer, where most weather occurs
• The atmosphere is divided into five layers based on temperature.
• Mesosphere - Coldest layer, with temperatures as low as -109°C (-164°F)
• Thermosphere - Extremely hot layer due to friction caused by charged particles colliding with atoms in the air.
• Exosphere - The outermost layer of Earth's atmosphere, extending to about 10,000 km above the surface.
• Seasonal changes are caused by the tilted axis of rotation of the earth.
• During summer, the North Pole tilts towards the Sun, resulting in longer days and more sunlight reaching the Northern Hemisphere.
• Nitrogen makes up around 78 percent of our atmosphere, while oxygen accounts for roughly 21 percent.
• In summer, the hemisphere facing the sun receives more direct sunlight than the other hemisphere.
• During winter, the opposite happens, resulting in seasonal variations in daylight hours and solar radiation received at different latitudes.
• Exosphere - The outermost layer of Earth's atmosphere where gases escape into space.
• Ionosphere - A region above the troposphere that is ionized by solar radiation.
• The exosphere contains very few molecules or atoms due to their high speeds and low densities.
• Exosphere extends to about 10 Earth radii above the surface.
• Ionosphere - A region above the troposphere that is ionized by solar radiation.
• Exosphere extends to about 10 Earth radii above the surface.
• Ionosphere contains charged particles that reflect radio waves back toward Earth.
• The exosphere contains very few molecules or atoms due to their high speeds and low densities.
• Ionosphere - Layer that reflects radio waves back to Earth
• Ionosphere contains charged particles that reflect radio waves back toward Earth.
• Mesosphere has temperatures below freezing point (-85°C).
• Ionosphere - Layer that reflects radio waves back to Earth
• Exosphere - Thinnest layer, extending up to about 750 km above the surface
• Seasonal changes are caused by variations in the amount of solar energy reaching different parts of the planet at different times of year.
• Mesosphere has temperatures below freezing point (-85°C).
• Exosphere - Highest layer, containing very few gases and extending up to about 750 km above Earth's surface.
• Ionosphere - A region within the thermosphere that contains ionized gases.
• Exosphere - Highest layer, containing very few gases and extending up to about 750 km above Earth's surface.
• Earth's atmosphere consists of approximately 78% nitrogen gas, 21% oxygen gas, and small amounts of other gases such as argon, carbon dioxide, neon, helium, methane, krypton, hydrogen, xenon, and trace amounts of noble gases like radon.
• The seasons occur because the Earth rotates around its own axis once every 24 hours while it revolves around the Sun once every year.
• In winter, the South Pole tilts away from the sun, leading to shorter days and less sunlight reaching the Southern Hemisphere.
• As the seasons change, so do the positions of the equator and poles relative to the sun.
• The seasons occur because the Earth rotates around its own axis once every 24 hours while it revolves around the Sun once every year.
• In winter, the South Pole tilts away from the sun, leading to shorter days and less sunlight reaching the Southern Hemisphere.
• As the seasons change, so do the positions of the equator and poles relative to the sun.
• The position of the sun affects how much solar radiation reaches different parts of the planet.
• The remaining one percent is made up of other gases such as carbon dioxide (CO2), argon, helium, neon, krypton, xenon, hydrogen, methane, nitrous oxide, ozone, water vapor, and trace amounts of other gases.
• Water vapor is an important greenhouse gas that helps trap heat from the sun within the Earth's atmosphere.
• The remaining one percent is made up of other gases such as carbon dioxide (CO2), argon, helium, neon, krypton, xenon, hydrogen, methane, nitrous oxide, ozone, water vapor, and trace amounts of other gases.