week2

• Earthquake


  Sudden movement of the Earth's crust that causes masses of rocks to change position and release a large amount of energy
• Layers of the Earth


  • Crust
  • Mantle
  • Core
• Lithosphere


  Crust and solid upper part of the mantle
• Asthenosphere


  Liquid part of the mantle and outer core
• The lithosphere floats in the asthenosphere
• Plate Tectonic Theory


  Earth's crust is broken into separate pieces called tectonic plates that move relative to each other at a rate of 5 to 10 cm per year
• Types of plate boundaries


  • Convergent
  • Divergent
  • Transform
• Convection currents


  Heat and pressure in the asthenosphere cause the movement of molten rocks
• Seismic waves


  Waves that travel through the Earth's layers and give out low-frequency energy, recorded using a seismograph
• Focus


  Point of origin of an earthquake underground
• Epicenter


  Point directly above the focus on the surface of the Earth where an earthquake is felt the strongest
• Seismograph


  Equipment used to measure earthquakes
• Fault


  Crack in the Earth's crust between two big plates
• Seismic waves


  Vibration of the ground caused by the movement of breaking rocks underground
• Tectonic plates


  Separate pieces that the Earth's crust is broken into
• Tectonic earthquake


  Earthquake due to sudden movement of the rocks, or when two tectonic plates collide against each other
• Volcanic earthquake


  Earthquake due to the movement of magma within the volcanoes
• Man-made earthquake


  Earthquake that occurs because of human activity
• PHIVOLCS


  Philippine Institute of Volcanology and Seismology, the agency of the government that monitors earthquakes
• Magnitude


  Strength of an earthquake measured by a seismograph
• Intensity


  Extent of damage caused by an earthquake on the surface of the ground
• The Earth's landmasses are continuously changing due to natural phenomena such as earthquakes and volcanic activities
• Earthquakes change the landscape often in a violent manner
• Earthquakes can be very violent and the effect is usually destructive
• Epicenter


  The exact point above the origin of an earthquake
• Earthquake


  Phenomenon involving shaking of the ground due to plate movement
• Tectonic earthquake


  Earthquake that occurs during the movement of plates
• PHIVOLCS


  The agency of the government that monitors earthquakes
• Focus


  The origin of the earthquake
• Effects of earthquakes on the Earth's surface


  • Ground shaking
  • Ground rupture
  • Tsunami
  • Landslide
• Ground shaking loosens rocks and soil which causes landslide and buries the area below the mountain
• Ground rupture is caused by the push and pull of rocks underground causing the surface to tear apart that form gaps or cracks on the ground
• Tsunami is a series of huge waves caused by an undersea earthquake that sweeps inland and causes damage to properties and loss of lives
• Landslide is the movement of a mass of rock or earth down a slope due to ground shaking
• Earthquakes can indirectly cause fire on people's homes
• People affected by earthquakes may become homeless, injured, and might even die