Humanistic

• Humanistic appraoch explains behaviour is based on personal growth
• Free Will


  Individuals consciously choose behaviours freely
• Self-Actualisation


  Individuals reaching their full potential through their own criteria
• Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs


  Pyramid of stages to reach self actualisation, bottom to top

  • Self Actualisation
  • Esteem
  • Love
  • Safety
  • Physical
• Rodgers


  For an individual to grow, their self has to be congruent with their ideal self, if the gap is too big, they will face negative thinking meaning self-actualisation cannot be reached
• Conditions of Worth

  The requirements an individual feels they need to be loved, based on their parents boundaries
• (+) A03: Holism


  Takes into account all the factors that could influence the individuals behaviours, understanding them using ideographic research methods like case studies
• (+) A03: Practical Application

  Used to develop Humanistic counselling by Rodgers, attempting to achieve congruence through unconditional positive regard; alongside diagnosis of abnormality through Jahoda's criteria of ideal mental health; the theory is positive, focusing on personal development
• (-) A03: Unscientific


  The concept of self-actualisation is unclear and cannot always be reached, not able to be measured; however Humanists reject scientific study as they believe individuals cant be studied objectively
• (-) A03: Cultural Bias

  More suited towards individualistic cultures, than collectivist cultures in the East, with Eastern cultures celebrating group success