Reading & Writing

• Implicit


  Indirectly stated, meaning is implied
• Explicit


  Directly stated, clear and well-explained
• Claims in a Text


  • Claims of Facts
  • Claims of Policy
  • Claims of Value
• Claim


  Referred to as belief, assertions, argument/stand
• Position


  Related to one side of an issue
• Claim of Facts


  Statements that can be verified, proven/disproven using factual evidence
• Claims of Facts

  • Santa Claus is real
  • There are 12 months in a year
  • The unemployment rate in the country is currently 5%
• Claim of Policy


  Solving societal problems, tells what should be or what a particular situation should arise
• Claims of Policy


  • The government should implement a universal healthcare system to ensure everyone has access to affordable medical care
  • All citizens should have access to affordable healthcare
  • Stricter gun control laws are necessary to reduce gun violence
• Claim of Value


  Evaluative statements, judgment regarding an idea that shows the value of something
• Claims of Value


  • Honesty is a more important virtue than wealth
  • This school is a living hell
  • Red is an angry color
• Context


  Understanding background of text, social, cultural, historical, political, background
• Hypertext


  Non-linear way of showing information, highlighted words that takes you into another text when clicked

  
• Hyperlink


  Reference in hypertext that directs the users to a section in the same/different document

  
• HTTP


  Hypertext transfer protocol, enables you to load texts which can be found in a location server called URL (Uniform Resource Locator (Web Address))
• Hypermedia


  Other forms of multimedia such as pictures, sounds, and videos that stimulate more senses
• Intertextuality


  Shows connection between texts, every text is influenced by other texts
• Four kinds of Intertextuality


  • Retelling
  • Allusion
  • Quotation
  • Pastiche
• Retelling


  When an author restates what other texts contain, could be in the form of a retelling of a narrative or a re expression of an idea or concept
• Allusion


  When an author directly or indirectly refers to an idea or passage in another text without actually quoting the text
• Quotation


  When the author directly lifts a string of words from another text
• Pastiche


  A text written in a way that imitates the style or other properties of another text, without mocking the text, as a parody
• Purposes of Intertextuality


  • To show the influence of the text
  • To keep the text alive
  • To rethink another ending
  • To redo or renew characters
• Evaluative Statement


  A way of expressing one's judgment, opinions, and point of view about an issue or topic in a concise manner
• Counterclaim


  Claims made to rebut a previous claim, to contradict someone's statement through a formal argument
• Four Elements of Argument


  • Claim
  • Counterclaim
  • Reason
  • Evidence
• Textual Evidences


  Details given by the author to support his/her claims, reveals the position of the writer and makes the reading more interesting
• Ways of Presenting Textual Evidence


  • Paraphrasing
  • Summarizing
  • Referencing
  • Quoting
• Academic Writing


  A style practiced or used by teachers and students as they produce educational materials, emphasizes the main topic and evidence is used to affirm the main points
• Examples of Academic Writing


  • Book review or Article Critique
  • Literature Review
  • Research Report
  • Project Proposal
  • Position Paper
  • Essay
  • Thesis
  • Academic Journal
• Professional Writing


  The standard of writing used in journalism, advertising, military, and technical writing, how the text is written depends on the area of expertise or industry it is used in
• Examples of Professional Writing


  • Resume
  • Application for College Admission
  • Application for Employment
  • Various Forms of Office Correspondence
  • Advertisement
  • News Article/Review
  • Web Content
• Differences between Academic and Professional Writing


  • Academic Writing: Also referred to as "scholarly writing", has a serious and formal tone, uses a third-person point of view, use of jargon and technical terms is common, based on facts, longer than professional writing

  Professional Writing: Also called "business writing" since this style is used in the workplace, recommended or advisable to focus on the state of action, can use any point of view, avoid use of qualifiers, less formal, uses active voice not passive voice, uses a professional tone, shorter than academic writing
• 4 Basic Purposes of Academic and Professional Writing


  • To inform
  • To instruct
  • To persuade
  • To entertain
• Resume


  Concise document highlighting your education, work experiences, and other qualifications such as your skills and strengths
• 3 essential factors to consider in composing a resume


  • Purpose
  • Content
  • Format
• Purpose of a Resume


  A resume provides the recipient with a first impression
• Components of a Resume


  • Name and Contact Details
  • Educational Attainment
  • Work Experiences
• Information or qualifications that your future employer might look for


  • Your education
  • Work experiences
  • Other qualifications such as your skills and strengths
• A resumé is usually an enclosure to an application or cover letter so it is recommended that you prepare the resumé first since the information that you include there will be the basis of your letter