Biology-module 1

• Basic cell has:


  nucleous, cytoplasm, cell membrane
• organell


  structures inside cells
• tissues


  cells in a group that are similar in function and structure
• single cell organisms:


  called unicellular

  -eg. diatoms, amoeba, paramecium
• more than one cell is called?

  multicellular
• what are cells composed of?

  organelles
• what is an organ

  a group of tissues perfoming a complex function eg. skin
• what is a system


  a group of organs performing a set of related functions
• what is the order of cells, organs ect


  cells

  tissues

  organ

  organ system

  organism
• why is a cell wall not organic?

  it is not found inside the cell
• what organelles are found in the plant cell that is not in an animal cell?

  cell wall

  large vacuole

  ribosome

  chloroplast
• what organelles are found in the animal cell that aren't in a plant cell?

  centriole

  lysosome
• which cell can change shap?

  animal cell
• what organelles do both cells share


  mitochondrion

  cytoplasm

  cell membrane

  nucleous
• Where is a mitochondrion located?

  inside space stroma
• what is an individual mitochondrion?

  thylokoid
• why is a membrane folded?


  there is more room for oxygen. takes up less space
• what is prokariotic?


  refers to unicellular cells because it doesn't have organelles with membranes?
• what is eukariyotic?


  refers to plant and animal cells because it contains organelles with membranes
• in what cell is chloroplast found in

  plant cell
• where is chloroplast located in the cell?

  inside space matrix
• what is a single chloroplast?

  christae
• what is chloroplast composed of?


  flat discs called thylakoids
• function-cell wall


  .keeps cell safe from physical damage

  .gives the cell shape

  .permeable
• function-cell membrane


  semi-permeable
• function- nucleous


  contains cromosomes and activities in cell

  .controls cell division

  .cromosomes are made of dna
• function- mitochondrion


  releases energy through cellular respiration using o2 and glucose
• chloroplast-function


  produces glucose through photosynthesis using sunlight, co2 and water
• vacuole- function


  stores water and mineral salts

  .keeps cell firm by pushing on it when full
• ER-function


  transports substances through the cell

  .network of hollow membranes

  .transports what cell manufactures

  .if it has ribosomes;called rough ER
• Ribosomes-function


  manufactures protein
• golgi body-function


  packages what cell makes into vesicles

  .this process is call dictyosome
• what is differentiation?


  when unspecilised cells become specilised to perform a specific function
• differentiation is important when?

  when an organism develops
• function-neuron


  carries electrical messages around the body
• features of neuron

  .long, so they reach further

  .outgrowths to reach reach more area

  .fatty layer for protection and speeds up messages
• red blood cell-function


  transports gasses around the body eg.carbon dioxide,oxygen
• features of red blood cells


  red pigment transports gasses

  .round so they cover more surface area

  .no nucleous so more space for gasses
• cilliated epithellium-function


  protects respiroty system

  .helps to move substances in the body
• features-cilliated epithelium


  hair-like structures waft germs out the body

  .cecrets mucus that kills and traps germs