Civil War

• who was it between

  bolsheviks / reds and their political enemies / whites
• who were the greens

  nationalist interests
• why were the whites not very effective

  as they didn't have a proper leader or goal meaning they were separated by ideas and too reliant on foreign powers
• the reds had a strong and effective single leader and a single ideology
• in 1918 Czechoslovakia was cut off from easter Europe showing the lack bolshevik power
• in 1919 Germany and Austria were pulling out of the territories lost by the treaty of Brest-litovsk as they were loosing the war
• which foreign powers supported the whites 


  britain, America, France, Italy, Japan and Switzerland
• how many people died

  10 million mainly form famine and diseases
• industry had fallen in total to 10%-20% of pre-war levels
• population of cities had decreased to around 50% of their 1917 levels
• by 1921 the bolsheviks had consolidated their power providing a base for a centralised, autocratic, one-party state
• the post-war communist government consisted of men who served in the red army and the Cheka
• war communism was introduced and the effects of this and the actions of the Cheka caused divisions within the party and a move away from the use of terror to control the population
• the new economic policy was introduced to bring stability to the government even though it was contradicting all that the communists stood for
• the war led to power being even more centralised than before