𝑆𝑒𝑝𝑒𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑚𝑖𝑥𝑡𝑢𝑟𝑒𝑠 ꨄ

• Heterogeneous


  • Hetero means different
  • Heterogeneous mixtures have non-uniform compositions, meaning that the individual components are not evenly distributed throughout the mixture
  • Looking at the mixture, it is easy to see the different components
• Homogeneous


  • Homo means same
  • Homogeneous mixtures are uniform in composition, meaning that the individual components are evenly distributed throughout the mixture
  • Examples of homogeneous mixtures include saltwater, air, and alloys like brass and bronze
• Chromatography


  1. Technique used in water analysis

  2. Can be done by machine, paper or

  3. Crucial part of forensics as it can be used to test for drugs

  4. Can also be used for separating colours and dyes in ink
• Mixture


  • Two or more substances mixed together but not chemically bonded to each other
  • The substances in mixtures can often be separated from each other
• Suspension


  A mixture of a solid and liquid, where the solid bits are heavy enough to settle out if the mixture is left to stand
• Colloid


  • A mixture of a solid, liquid or gas in a solid, liquid or gas where the substances do not settle out if left to stand
  • E.g. milk, mayonnaise, toothpaste
• Opaque


  Not possible to see through
• Solution


  • When a substance has dissolved in a liquid
  • Solutions are transparent
• Transparent


  • Clear, can be seen through
  • (Note: transparent substances may be coloured or colourless)
• Filter


  Anything, such as cloth, paper or a layer of sand, through which a liquid is passed to remove suspended pieces of solid
• To filter


  1. To separate solid substances that have not dissolved from a mixture containing solids and liquid

  2. The liquid is passed through a filter (such as filter paper) to do this
• Sieve


  A mesh or grid with holes that holds back large solids from a mixture but allows smaller solid pieces and liquids through
• To sieve


  To separate large solids from a mixture using a sieve
• Desalination


  To produce fresh water from the salts in seawater
• Distillation


  The process of separating a liquid from a mixture by evaporating the liquid and then condensing it so that it can be collected as water as a gas
• liquid


  One of the states of matter. Has a fixed volume but not a fixed shape.
• solid


  One of the states of matter. Has a fixed shape and fixed volume.
• gas


  One of the states of matter. Does not have a fixed shape or a fixed volume and is easy to squash.
• dissolve


  When a substance breaks up into such tiny pieces in a liquid that it can no longer be seen and forms a solution.
• method


  A description of how an experiment is carried out, written in simple, well-organised steps.
• sequence


  Step-by-step in the correct order, such as the steps in a method for an experiment.
• imperative verb


  A command to do something.
• filtrate


  The liquid that passes through a filter.
• solvent


  The liquid in which a substance dissolves to make a solution.
• solute


  The substance that has dissolved in a liquid to make a solution.
• soluble


  Describes a substance that can dissolve in a liquid.
• Insoluble


  Describes a substance that cannot dissolve in a liquid.
• saturated


  A solution that contains so much dissolved solute that no more solute can dissolve in it.
• solubility


  The amount of substance that dissolves in a particular solvent at a particular temperature to make a saturated solution.
• heating to dryness


  Evaporating the liquid from a solution to leave the solids that had been dissolved in it. Direct heating is stopped before all the liquid has evaporated, to prevent spitting of the solution.
• evaporate


  To change from the liquid state to the gas state.
• hazard


  A danger, or something that can harm.
• risk


  The likelihood that a hazard may cause harm.
• evaporation


  When a substance changes from its liquid state to its gas state, for example when the gas escapes from the surface of the liquid into the air.
• sodium chloride


  The chemical name for table salt.
• boiling


  When there is liquid turning into a gas in all parts of a liquid, creating bubbles of gas in the liquid.
• boiling point


  The temperature at which a liquid boils.
• chromatography


  A method that separates out dissolved substances in a mixture, using a liquid or gas solvent. The different substances are carried different distances by the solvent.
• paper chromatography


  Chromatography where the solvent moves through paper, carrying the dissolved solids.
• chromatogram


  The results of chromatography (eg a dried piece of paper for paper chromatography), when the dissolved solids have been separated.