infection and response (3)

• communicable disease

  a disease that can be passed on from one organism to another
• size of viruses

  very small
• how viruses make us feel ill

  they move into cells and multiply rapidly inside causing the cells to burst
• size of bacteria

  small
• how bacteria make us feel ill

  multiply quickly through binary fission and release toxins that damage cells
• how protists make us feel ill

  transferred by a vector and damage our tissues
• how fungi make us feel ill

  they produce spores which can be spread to other organisms
• ways communicable diseases spread

  direct contact, by water, by air or droplets
• how to reduce the spreading of diseases

  improving hygiene e.g. hand washing, using disinfectants . self isolation, removing vectors by using pesticides, vaccination
• what is a vaccination

  injecting a small amount of the dead or inactive pathogen into the body usually using a needle, causing the body to produce antibodies
• symptoms of measles 


  fever , red skin rash, can lead to pneumonia
• how is measles spread

  droplets
• how is measles being infected

  vaccinations for young children to reduce transmission
• what type of diease is measles

  viral- caused by a virus
• what are the symptoms of HIV

  starts of like a flu that it attacks the immune system and leads to AIDs
• how is HIV spread

  by sexual contact or exchange of bodily fluid
• how is HIV being prevented of spreading

  using condoms, not sharing needles, bottle feeding children if the mother has HIV
• how is the development of HIV into AIDS being reduced

  use of antrietrovial drugs - stops the virus replicating in the body
• symptoms of tobacco mosaic virus

  dicolouration of leaves, the affected part cannot photosynthesise leading to a reduced yield
• how id tobacco mosaic virus spread

  contact between diseased plants and healthy plants
• how is tobacco mosaic virus being prevented

  good field hygiene, pst control
• what type of disease is HIV

  viral- caused by a virus
• symptoms of salmonella

  fever, stomach cramps, vomiting, diarrhoea
• how is salmonella spread

  eating raw meat and eggs
• how is salmonella being prevented

  poultry are vaccinated, keeping raw meat away from cooked food, wash hands when handling raw meat
• what type of disease is salmonella

  bacterial
• what are the symptoms of gonorrhoea

  thick yellow or green discharge from the vagina or penis, pain when urinating
• how is gonorrhoea spread

  unprotected sex
• how is gonorrhoea being prevented

  using contraception such as condoms and antibiotics
• what type of disease is gonorrhoea

  bacterial
• symptoms of rose black spot

  purple or black spots on leaves of rose plants, leaves turn yellow and they drop early
• how is rose black spot spread

  the spores of fungus are spread in water
• how is rose black spot being prevented

  by using fungicides and stripping the plant of affected leaves
• what type of disease is rose black spot

  fungal
• what are the symptoms of malaria

  fever , shaking
• how is malaria spread

  mosquitos are vectors that puncture the skin and feed on blood meaning the protists enter the human bloodstream
• how is malaria being prevented

  using mosquito nets whilst sleeping, taking antimalarial drugs
• what type of disease in malaria

  protist
• what type of defence is the skin

  physical barrier
• how does the skin kill pathogens

  produce antimicrobial secretions