streaming (internal factors)

• Streaming


  Sorting children into groups ('streams') based on their ability, so they can be taught separately
• Streaming


  The self-fulfilling prophecy is very likely to happen
• Becker shows that WC pupils aren't seen as the ideal pupil
• Pupils not seen as the ideal pupil


  Makes it harder for them to move up streams, as teacher expectations put them in the lower ones
• Teacher expectations placing pupils in lower streams


  Causes a self-fulfilling prophecy where the pupil lives up to the expectation of underachieving
• MC pupils being placed in high ability groups due to teacher expectations


  Boosts their self-concept and helps them succeed
• 1. to-C economy


  Schools need a good position in exam league tables to attract pupils and funding, which is based on how many A-C grade pupils get
• Educational Triage


  Sorting pupils into those who will pass anyway, borderline pupils (can get a C, so receive the most resources/help), and hopeless cases who will fail regardless
• Teacher stereotypes


  Mean WC and black pupils are mostly labelled as hopeless cases, and are therefore put in low streams
• Pupils labelled as hopeless cases and put in low streams


  Makes a self-fulfilling prophecy where these pupils end up failing
• Gillborn & Youdell show how teacher labelling/stereotypes combined with streaming causes a MC/WC achievement gap
• Gillborn & Youdell put streaming and labelling into wider context, showing how marketisation policies have become a part of it
• Pupils are not passive puppets, and the prophecy isn't always fulfilled