PERDev Final

• Kinship is the web of social relationships that form an important part of the lives of most humans in most societies.
• Kinship by Blood is the relationship between parents and children as well as siblings
• Consanguineal Kin: people who are biologically related to one another
• Affinal Kin: people who are related by virtue of marriage bond
• Kinship by Marriage is a family tie by the social bond of marriage
• Marriage: a socially approved sexual and economic union, usually between a man and a woman.
• Monogamy: one man marries one woman; most common and acceptable
• Polygamy: one is entitled to marry many partners
• Polygyny: one man marries more than one woman at a given time
• Sororal polygyny: the wives are invariably the sisters
• Non-sororal polygyny: the wives are not related as sisters
• Polyandry: one woman marries more than one man; less common than polygyny
• Fraternal/alephic polyandry: several brother share same wife
• Non-fraternal polyandry: wife spends time with each husband; no close relationship
• Group marriage: the marriage of two or more women with two or more men
• Endogamy: the life partners are to be selected within the group.
• Exogamy: the life partners are to be selected outside the group
• Ritual kinship: a privileged social relationship established by ritual
• Political dynasty: a family in which several members are involved in politics, particularly electoral politics.
• Political Organizations is any organization that involves itself in the political process
• Band: a very small nomadic group that is connected by family ties and is politically independent; for meeting basic needs for survival; politically independent.
• Egalitarian societies: societie in which all persons of the same age and gender are seen as equals.
• Tribe: a collection of smaller kin or nonfamily groups that function as one and are united by a similar culture
• Village headman: Authority stems from his seniority and ability to compel other to obey him; doe sot have absolute political power.
• Chiefdom: a political entity led by a chief who has authority over several communities or groups.
• Simple chiefdom: consists of a single family that rules over a major village or community
• Complex chiefdom: a collection of simple chiefdoms ruled by a paramount chief and controlled by a single supreme center
• Tributary system: a class system in which the elites demand tributes from commoners in the form of crops and produce
• State: a political geopolitical entity; occupies a definite territory, having an organized gov’t with the authority to make and enforce the law to its people
• Nation: a cultural or ethnic entity; the community of people having a collective identity and shared common history, traditions, language, customs, and religion
• Nation-state: a system of organization defined by geography, politics, and culture (e.g.: The Philippines)
• Market exchange: primary form of economic subsistence of a state wherein standardized currencies are used to exchange commodities
• Sovereign state: not dependent on any other power/state
• External sovereignty: when ultimate sovereignty lies another state.
• Authority: the power to command, give orders, and enforce the law to people under a certain group or organization
• Traditional Authority: leader inherits their power from their predecessor
• Charismatic Authority: person utilizes their uncommon and unique gift of grace to gain authority
• Rational Authority: leader has this authority for a certain period, usually stated down in the constitution
• An economic institution is responsible for the manufacturing and distributing of commodities and services that people in all societies require.
• Pastoralism: breeding and managing migratory herds of sheeps, cattles, and other domesticated animals