HOPE 4

• Recognizing the universal sign for choking


  First aid for choking
• First aid for severe bleeding


  Proper positioning for an unconscious but breathing person
• Symptoms and first aid for heat stroke


  First aid for a sprain
• Safety precautions when encountering wildlife

  Outdoor safety practices
• Environmental hazards associated with outdoor activities


  Response to hazardous chemical spills
• Dangers of swimming in natural bodies of water

  Dealing with littering during outdoor activities
• Hazards associated with hiking in mountainous areas

  Response to encountering a wildfire while camping
• Safety precautions for camping in bear country


  Importance of preparing proper equipment for water activities
• Essential skills for hiking, trekking, and mountaineering

  Intensity levels of outdoor activities
• Importance of preparing proper equipment for mountaineering


  Role of a mountain guide in outdoor activities
• Understanding the Leave No Trace Principle


  Environmental hazards in outdoor activities
• Analyzing outdoor activities based on skill level and fitness

  Fitness and skill requirements for different outdoor activities
• Definition of a day hike


  Difference between hiking and trekking
• Identification of weather hazards


  Essential equipment for hiking or trekking
• Distress signals during emergencies


  Use of hiking accessories like trekking poles
• Preparatory steps before heading outdoors


  Purpose of appropriate clothing and footwear
• Essential supplies for outdoor activities


  Preventing sunburn during outdoor activities
• Response to encountering wildlife

  Proper disposal of trash and waste
• Preventing dehydration during outdoor activities

  Response to encountering a thunderstorm
• Following Leave No Trace principles

  Importance of water safety
• Protecting against bug bites


  Preparing for challenging terrain or extreme weather conditions
• Importance of informing someone about outdoor plans

  Purpose of carrying maps and navigation tools
• Importance of carrying communication devices


  Minimizing environmental impact while camping or hiking
• Response to encountering a wild animal


  Precautions before starting an open fire
• Purpose of the buddy system in water activities


  Reporting unsafe conditions or hazards during outdoor activities