Mount Etna (Sicily)

• Describe the location of Mount Etna:

  Mount Etna is a volcano in the southwest of Italy, Sicily.
• Mount Etna is the most active volcano in Europe and is located in Italy.
• Mount Etna has 900,000 residents near its fertile slopes
• Mount etna is an example of how HICs respond to volcanic eruptions.
• The formation of Mount Etna is due to which plate movements?

  The convergence between the African and Eurasian tectonic plates
• What do scientists think is the cause of Mount Etna's volcanic eruptions?

  Rifting -- Theories on Sicily perhaps separating from the rest of Italy which causes the volcanoes eruptions
• How tall is Mount etna?

  3350 meters high
• How wide is Mount Etna?

  1250 km2 wide
• What type of volcano is Mount etna?

  A Stratovolcano / composite volcano
• Mount Etnas volcanic eruptions are mostly effusive but are also occasionally classified as mild strombolian eruptions
• What type of volcanic eruptions occur at Mount Etna?

  Strombolian and effusive eruptions
• Eruptions at Mount Etna occur either at the summit or from the Fissures (sides of the volcano)
• The eruptions that occur at the Fissures are less frequent but more effusive
• The eruptions that occur at the summit are more frequent but less effusive and have short lava flows -- these eruptions are usually the Strombolian eruptions
• What are the impacts of Mount Etna's eruptions?

  1. Air travel disruptions
  2. Damage to tourist facilities (Jul - Aug 2001 eruption)
  3. A 4.4 earthquake (Nov 2009 eruption)
  4. Injuries from steam and tephra (Mar 2017 eruption)
• One key eruption occurred in Dec 1991 - 1993 what were the key facts about this eruption?

  1. Effusive lava and Hawaiian fountaining
  2. Started from a fissure on the eastern side of the crater
  3. The Eruption lasted 473 days
• How did people respond to the eruption at Mount Etna in 1991 - 1993?

  1. Evacuation: Over 5,000 people were evacuated from the surrounding areas to ensure their safety
  2. Air quality monitoring: to check the air quality and ensure it is safe for people to return.
  3. Volcanic ash control: to prevent the spread of volcanic ash
  4. Economic relief
  5. Scientific research
  6. Community support: Local communities came together to provide support and aid to those affected.
• Another Key eruption at Mount Etna occurred in Dec 2015. What were the key facts about this eruption?

  1. Strombolian eruption
  2. Eruption from the Voragine Crater
  3. Lava Fountaining was 1km in height
  4. Ash columns reached several km high
• What were the impacts of the December 2015 eruption at Mount etna?

  Tourism, air travel disruptions
• Evacuation Response during 2015 Mount Etna Eruption

  Over 24,000 people were evacuated from the immediate area surrounding the volcano during the 2015 December eruption at Mount Etna.
• Air Traffic Control Measures during 2015 Mount Etna Eruption

  Airspace restrictions were implemented to prevent aircraft from flying too close to the volcano, ensuring passenger safety during the 2015 December eruption at Mount Etna.
• Environmental Impact of 2015 Mount Etna Eruption

  The 2015 December eruption at Mount Etna released large amounts of ash and gas into the atmosphere, affecting local waterways and potentially harming aquatic life.
• Tourism and Economic Impact of 2015 Mount Etna Eruption

  The 2015 December eruption at Mount Etna led to a significant decrease in tourism, resulting in economic losses for the local region.