Kingdoms

• Flowering plants


  Roses, daffodils
• Legumes


  Plants with seed pods (peas, beans)
• Animals


  - They are multicellular

  - They cannot photosynthesise
• Plants


  - They are multicellular

  - They contain chloroplasts

  - Cell walls are made from cellulose

  - Carbohydrate is stored as starch
• Viruses


  - They are an example of microorganisms which cause disease

  - They are not cells

  - They are not living

  - They do not feed, respire or excrete

  - They have genetic material (DNA or RNA) and can reproduce inside living things

  - They are smaller then bacteria

  - They can only reproduce inside of living things
• Types of viruses:


  - HIV

  - Influenza

  - Tobacco Mosaic virus
• HIV


  Causes the disease AIDS
• Influenza


  Causes flu
• Tobacco Mosaic Virus


  Causes discolouring of leaves preventing the formation of chloroplasts, which then reduces photosynthesise
• A virus has an outer ____


  Coat of protein and contains nucleic acid (DNA or RNA)
• Which is smaller viruses or bacteria?

  Viruses
• Parasitic


  Living at the expense of another
• All viruses are ___

  Parasitic
• Viruses can come in lots of ___


  Different shapes and sizes
• What are bacteria?


  - They are unicellular

  - Some can photosynthesis

  - They can reproduce very quickly

  - A single cell divides into 2 cells

  - Most of them feed of other living things or dead organisms
• Types of bacteria:


  - Lactobacillus

  - Pneumococcus
• Lactobacillus


  A rod shaped bacteria that is used to make yoghurt
• Pneumococcus


  A spherical bacteria that acts as a pathogen, it causes pneumonia
• Pathogen


  Any microorganism that causes disease
• Shapes of bacteria:


  - Cocci

  - Bacillus

  - Spirilla
• Cocci


  Spherical
• Bacillus


  Rod shaped
• Spirilla


  Spiral shaped
• What is in a bacteria cell:


  - Cytoplasm

  - Cell wall

  - Plasmid DNA

  - Bacterial DNA (chromosomal DNA)

  - Flagellum (not always present)
• Yoghurt method


  - You need 10ml of milk and a teaspoon of natural yoghurt

  - Put them in a pot

  - Place cling film over the top

  - Leave for 24 hours
• Prokaryotes


  Has no nucleus
• Eukarytic


  Has a nucleus
• Fungi


  - They don't photosynthesise they have to absorb nutrients

  - Some fungi survive as unicellular and some are multicellular

  - Fungi cell walls are made from chitin

  - They store there carbohydrates as glycogen

  - They feed by saprotrophic nutrition

  - They secrete enzymes onto food and then absorb the digested food
• Types of fungi:


  - Yeast

  - Mucor
• Mucor


  This is multicellular and has a mycelium and hyphae
• Hyphae


  Threads
• Mycelium


  Body
• The yeast experiment


  Temp: 30*C

  How much it rose: 11mm

  
  

  Temp: 40*C

  How much it rose: 25mm

  
  

  Temp: 60*C

  How much it rose: 12mm

  
  

  Temp: 80*C

  How much it rose: 5mm
• Whats in a yeast cell?


  - Cytoplasm

  - Ribosome

  - Mitochondrion

  - Nucleus

  - Cell wall

  - Cell membrane
• Protoctists


  - Microscopic

  - They are unicellular

  - Some are similar to animal cells

  - Some are similar to plant cells

  - This is why people call them the dustbin kingdom
• Types of protoctist:


  - Amoeba

  - Chlorella

  - Plasmodium
• Amoeba


  Lives in ponds and are similar to animal cells
• Chlorella


  Like plant cells they have chloroplast
• Plasmodium


  Causes malaria, this makes it a pathogen
• Most protoctists are ___


  Unicellular but some are multicellular and are in some form algae like seaweed