Authritis

• Osteoarthritis


  Wear and tear on joints - linked to sports etc
• Osteoarthritis


  • Cartilage worn away by friction
  • Other conditions (secondary arthritis)
  • Age - more common after menopause
  • Family history
  • Obesity
  • Female (possibly due mainly to posture and joint alignment)
  • Previous injury
• Rheumatoid arthritis


  Autoimmune response
• Rheumatoid arthritis


  • Damages the cartilage (as if it were a "foreign body")
  • Thin layer of cells (synovium) become sore / inflamed
  • Releases chemicals that damage bones, cartilage, tendons, ligaments
  • Chemicals cause the joint to lose its shape and alignment
  • Eventually destroys the joint completely
  • Risk factors - genes / hormones / smoking
  • More common in females- probably genetic - most common ages 30-50
• Arthritis 

  Impact (symptoms) on their life/ physical/ mental health:

  •Abdominal pain and discomfort from bloating may restrict sleep le
• Treatment/ Lifestyle Change/ Gadget (description)


  • Steroids/ NSAIDs / anti-inflammatories which reduce swelling and inflammation of joint
  • Drugs e.g. paracetamol to alleviate pain
  • (cortico) steroid injections into the joint to reduce swelling
  • Regular low intensity exercise e.g. swimming to maintain mobility
  • Weight loss if overweight to reduce pressure on the joints
  • Joint manipulation e.g. physiotherapy to strengthen muscles around joint / keep joint flexible
  • Support devices e.g. walking sticks which take off some of the weight off the joint. E.g. splint/brace to support joint. E.g. footwear to reduce forces passing through the joint
  • Surgery e.g. arthroscopy to clean debris in joint or knee replacement to renew affected joint
  • Complementary therapies e.g. supplements such as glucosamine and chondroitin. These are considered to alleviate symptoms.
• Steroids/ NSAIDs / anti-inflammatories


  • Reduce swelling and inflammation of joint
• Drugs e.g. paracetamol


  • Alleviate pain
• (cortico) steroid injections


  • Reduce swelling
• Regular low intensity exercise e.g. swimming


  • Maintain mobility
• Weight loss if overweight


  • Reduce pressure on the joints
• Joint manipulation e.g. physiotherapy


  • Strengthen muscles around joint / keep joint flexible
• Support devices e.g. walking sticks


  • Take off some of the weight off the joint
• Support devices e.g. splint/brace


  • Support joint
• Support devices e.g. footwear


  • Reduce forces passing through the joint
• Surgery e.g. arthroscopy


  • Clean debris in joint
• Surgery e.g. knee replacement


  • Renew affected joint
• Complementary therapies e.g. supplements such as glucosamine and chondroitin

  • Alleviate symptoms
• Physiotherapy

  • Occupational therapy

  • Podiatry

  • Exercise

  • Hydrotherapy

  • Painkillers

  • NSAIDs / anti-inflammatory

  • Steroids

  • DMARDs

  • Biological treatments

  • JAK inhibitors

  • Weight reduction if obesity part of cause

  • Wearing suitable footwear

  • Using special devices to reduce the strain on your joints during everyday activities • If particularly severe then surgery (accept without further detail for one mark, but no mark

  if ineorrect rotail niven a a aridition of cartilane or cunnvial fluiril)