Inheritance

• Parents need to create haploid cells as gametes so they can fuse and form a diploid zygote
• Each gamete has different alleles of specific genes, that need to be weighed in the zygote to determine traits of inheritance
• Drosophila melanogaster lightens its pigment and reduces its size when exposed to high heat
• Writing convention: Dominant is always written first
• Mendel discovered genes are corresponding to combinations of dominant (common) and recessive (rare) alleles through experimentation with crossing monohybrid pea plants to track inheritance
• Mendel did experimental work on inheritance by taking two yellow and green peas to see the resulting offspring and track inheritance
• Gentotype is the genetic arrangement of alleles that code for your phenotype
• Phenotype is the physical traits that you display due to inherited genotypes or stress expressed by environment
• Dominant and recessive genes and non-relative, pre-determined and universal
• Dominant alleles are more prominent and commonly obtained. They can mask recessive genes, having the same effect on the genotype as either heterozygous gene or homozygous gene
• Recessive alleles have no effect on the phenotype unless in homozygous state as it is easily masked by dominants
• Heterozygous; with one copy og each allele (dominant + recessive)
• Homozygous; with two copies of the same allele ( dominant + dominant / recessive + recessive)
• Gene = heritable factor consisting of a length of DNA influencing specific characteristics
• Allele = a strand (locus) of a genetic sequence/alternate version of a specific gene that differs from other alleles by a few bases
• Monohybrid means to have a single trait= be homozygous with respect to a specified gene
• Segregation is the separation of alleles in meiosis
• F1 is the first filial generation as the offspring of the combination of the monohybrid parent generation in the Mendel experiment that produces heterozygous plants but dominant in each, causing all offspring to display dominant trait
• Mendel's law of segregation can be summed as the fact that only one of the two copies present in diploid organism will be distributed to each gamete during meiosis as it is segregated into different gametes and allow for different combinations
• Caused by genotype influence only: Blood type, brittleness, autism, eye color, hemophilia, skin color
• Caused by environment interacting with genotype; height, weight, intelligence, voice, diabetes, hair color
• caused by environment only; tattoos, languages, scars