IA 9 4th Quarter

• Drafting careers allow professionals to contribute in meaningful ways to the fields of civil and mechanical engineering, architecture, electronics, and product development
• A career in technical drafting involves creating detailed drawings and plans used in the design and construction of various products, structures, and systems. Technical drafters use computer-aided design (CAD) software and traditional drafting tools to translate ideas from engineers, architects, and designers into precise and accurate technical drawing
• Architecture -draw structural features and details for buildings and other construction projects. These workers may specialize in a type of building, such as residential or commercial. They may also specialize by the materials used, such as steel, wood, or reinforced concrete
• Mechanical Engineering -prepare layouts that show the details for a variety of machinery and mechanical tools and devices, such as medical equipment. These layouts indicate dimensions, fastening methods, and other requirements for assembly. Mechanical drafters sometimes create production molds.
• Electrical Engineering - it is a diverse and dynamic field that involves the study, design, and application of electrical systems and devices. Electrical engineers work with a wide range of technologies, from power systems and electronics to telecommunications and control systems.
• Electronic Engineering -is at the forefront of technological innovation, contributing to the development of electronic devices and systems that impact various aspects of modern life. Professionals in this field play a crucial role in advancing technology and driving progress in industries ranging from consumer electronics to telecommunications and beyond.
• Landscape Engineering - it is a multidisciplinary field that involves the planning, design, and management of outdoor spaces to create aesthetically pleasing, functional, and sustainable environments. Landscape engineers work on a variety of projects, including parks, gardens, urban plazas, and recreational areas
• • Blue-collar workers play a crucial role in various industries and contribute significantly to the overall functioning of societies. Their work is often characterized by manual labor, skilled trades, and technical expertise.

  • These professionals are the backbone of various industries, and their skills and dedication are essential for keeping economies moving forward. Blue collar workers are the heartbeat of industries such as construction, manufacturing, transportation, and logistics
• Technical Skills:

  Computer-Aided Design (CAD)

  Technical Drawing and Drafting

  Materials and Manufacturing Processes

  Understanding of Engineering Principles

  Knowledge of Industry Standards
• Creative and Problem-Solving Skills

  Attention to Detail

  Spatial Visualization

  Problem-Solving Abilities

  Creativity
• Communication Skills:

  Effective Communication

  Collaboration

  Written Communication
• Tools are instruments or devices designed to perform specific tasks or achieve objectives more efficiently than manual methods. They can range from simple handheld implements like hammers and screwdrivers to complex machinery and software applications.
• Drawing Paper- Used for for technical drawing, drafting, and architectural drafting. It typically has a smooth surface, allowing for precise lines and accurate measurements. It is usually used for traditional technical drawing
• Rulers- Is one of the most essential tool in technical drawing it is used for marking out distances as well as for precise measuring purposes.
• T-SQUARE- It is usually made of hardwood or plastic or a combination of both. It consist of a long thin strip called blade. It is used primarily as a guide for drawing horizontal lines
• Triangles- This tool are use with T-square in drawing vertical, inclined or slant and angle lines.

  There are 2 types of triangles 45 degree and 30x60 degree triangles.
• ARCHITECT OR TRIANGULAR SCALE- They are triangular-shaped and sometimes have a cut-out center. The markings on the ruler vary according to its usage. They are commonly used to draw angles.
• COMPASS- This instrument consists of two long-jointed legs hinged at one end. The end of one leg is fitted with an adjustable needlepoint and the other with interchangeable pencil and pen points
• DIVIDER- It is similar to the compass in construction and shape. This tool is used for dividing distance into a number of equal parts.
• IRREGULAR/FRENCH CURVE- It is used in drawing curved lines other than circle or arcs. It is a ruler for noncircular curves.
• LETTERING CIRCLE AND LETTERING TRIANGLE- The lettering triangles has groups of spaces holes drilled into it to guide the pencil while you are drawing lines
• LETTERING STENCIL/TEMPLATE- These are made of the high quality plastics or light metal wherein the different letters of the alphabets, numbers, and geometrical figures
• Hazard

  • It is any source of potential damage, harm or adverse health effects on something or someone.
  • In any workplace we should identify the different hazard may we occur
• RISK

  -situation involving exposure to danger.

  - engaging into action that may result in something bad or unpleasant happening.
• How to avoid hazard in a workplace:

  • Spot the Hazard
  • Assess the Risk
  • Fix the Problem
  • Evaluate the Result
• Loose Connections in wiring- can cause a serious problem in a workplace such as fire, electrocution, and machineries failure.
• Frayed electrical cords- puts anyone who uses it at risk because frayed wires will expose electricity in dangerous ways. When exposed wires are touched, electric shock can occur
• High Stacks of boxes- stacking materials can be dangerous if workers do not follow safety guidelines. Falling materials and collapsing loads can crush or pin workers, causing injury or even death. Other hazards of material stacking include: Back injuries due to improper lifting techniques.
• Too much noise from machines- Exposure to high levels of noise can cause permanent hearing loss. Neither surgery nor a hearing aid can help correct this type of hearing loss. Short term exposure to loud noise can also cause a temporary change in hearing (your ears may feel stuffed up) or a ringing in your ears (tinnitus)
• Odors and emissions that can cause health problems- Odor emissions are often due to airborne pollutants at levels below the established toxicity thresholds. The relationship between odor and toxicity does not always occurs but depends on the specific kind of pollutant involved
• The Alphabet of Lines is a standardized system of line types used in technical drawing, particularly in the fields of architecture, engineering, and manufacturing. These lines help convey different types of information about an object or structure being represented in a drawing.
• VISIBLE LINE- This is a solid, unbroken line used to represent visible edges and outlines of objects
• HIDDEN LINE- Dashed lines are used to represent features that are not visible from the current viewpoint but are present on the object. These lines show internal features or edges that are obscured by other components
• DIMENSION LINE- A line terminated with arrowheads, used to indicate the extent and direction of dimension. Typically, dimension lines are accompanied by numerical values to specify the size of objects or distances between features.
• EXTENSION LINE- Lines used in conjunction with dimension lines to indicate the points from which the dimension measurements are taken. Extension lines are usually thin lines that extend from the object or feature being measured
• SECTION LINE- A series of evenly spaced short dashes, often at a 45-degree angle, used to indicate the location and extent of a sectional view of an object. Section lines are used to show where a cutting plane intersects with an object, revealing internal details
• BOARDER LINE- A heavy solid line that defines the boundary of a drawing sheet or the border of a specific view within a drawing
• PHANTOM LINE- A line made up of alternating long and short dashes, often used to represent alternate positions or motions of moving parts in mechanical drawings
• CENTER LINE -A long-short dashed line used to indicate the center of cylindrical or symmetrical parts. It helps to establish symmetry and locate features such as holes, cylinders, and axes.
• CUTTING PLANE LINE- command draws a cutting plane line on the part view you want to use as the basis for the section view