OCD treatments

• Biological model 


  Treatment linked to causes

  if imbalance in neurotransmitter levels causes OCD

  restore neurotransmitter levels to the correct amount

  this can be done using drugs
• Drug treatment 


  Different types for different mental illnesses

  all act on neurotransmitter levels in brain
• Anti depressants 


  Most commonly used drug to treat OCD

  low levels of serotonin are linked to function of the OFC so increasing serotonin levels may normalise OFC and reduce the obsessions and anxieties associated with OCD
• SSRI - a type of antidepressant 


  Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors

  Work on the transmission of serotonin levels in the synapses

  they prevent the reabsorption and breakdown of serotonin by blocking reuptake pumps

  results in higher levels of serotonin at the synapse so that it can continue to stimulate the postsynaptic neuron

  this compensates for the low levels of serotonin found in OCD patients
• Dosage 


  Varies according to particular SSRI prescribed

  available in capsules or liquid

  takes 3-4 months of daily use for SSRI to have much impact on OCD symptoms
• Other options 


  If SSRI not effective after 3-4 months the dose can be increased or it can be combined with other drugs

  sometimes different antidepressants are tried (tricyclic)

  these are older type of antI depressants

  have same effect on serotonin system

  but have more severe side effects
• Effectiveness 


  Soomro et al reviewed 17 studies comparing SSRI to a placebo

  concluded all studies showed significantlily better results for SSRI

  symptoms declined for around 70% of patients taking SSRI therefore drugs can help most patients
• Side effects

  nausea, headaches and insomnia